冷战后东南亚国家的“利基外交”

“Niche Diplomacy”of the Southeast Asian Countries after the Cold War

在企业管理学中,＂利基＂被引申为用以研究中小企业如何开拓市场的＂利基战略＂等理论概念,这一概念在国际关系理论中被发展为＂利基外交＂,一般被借以研究冷战后中小国家的外交特征。按照综合国力来分析,东南亚国家属于中小国家行列,因此东南亚国家在冷战后所采取的外交具有中小国家的＂利基外交＂的特征。但同时,东南亚国家的＂利基外交＂具有两个符合自身需求的特征,一是以东盟等地区性机制为支柱,作为开展外交的＂根据地＂,即以地区主义的方式来＂寻求利基＂;二是发挥自身优势、外交专长或者大国平衡战略等方式来扩展自身的外交空间,即＂见缝插针＂式地＂拓展利基＂。通过寻求、拓展＂利基＂,东南亚国家赢得了生存发展需要的外交空间并扩大了自身国际影响力。

In Enterprise Management,"niche"is extended to study the"niche strategy"of how small and medium enterprises cultivate the market.This concept has been further developed into"niche diplomacy"in international relations theory to study the diplomatic characteristics of small and medium-sized countries after the Cold War.In terms of comprehensive national power,Southeast Asian countries belong to the ranks of small and medium-sized countries.Therefore,the diplomacy of Southeast Asian countries after the Cold War has the characteristics of"niche diplomacy"of small and medium-sized countries.At the same time,the"niche diplomacy"of Southeast Asian countries has two unique features.First,it takes regional institutions,such as the ASEAN,as the pillar and"base area"to practice diplomacy,i.e.,"to seek niche"via regionalism.Second,it makes use of its own advantages and diplomatic expertise and adopts a balanced strategy among great powers to expand its own diplomatic space,i.e.,"to expand niche"by utilizing every opportunity.By seeking and expanding"niche",Southeast Asian countries have not only acquired the diplomatic space for survival and development but also expanded their international influence.