江西省蔬菜适度规模经营分析与展望

Analysis and Prospect of Vegetable Moderate Scale Operation in Jiangxi Province

随着农村经济的发展和现代化农业的快速推进,农业经营主体结构不断发生变化,以专业大户、农民专业合作社、家庭农场、农业龙头企业为代表的新型农业经营主体逐渐成为中国农业现代化建设的主导力量。但是,作为传统农业经营组织形式的农户,在农业发展中仍然起着不可替代的作用。为了保障城市"菜篮子"工程的实施,在城郊地区出现了许多以农户为生产经营主体的集中连片蔬菜种植区,通过"各自种植+统一收购"的经营模式,创造了较高的经济效益,在蔬菜产业发展中具有很好的示范带头作用。该模式下农户蔬菜种植面积大小不等,经济效益也存在差异。为更好地发挥农户在农业供给侧结构性改革中的作用,加快其从"商品菜农"向"现代菜农"转变,选取江西省集中连片蔬菜种植区的农户为研究对象,利用数据包络方法(DEA)分别测算了蔬菜种植规模的综合效率、纯技术效率以及规模效率。通过测算得出,适宜小规模农户的最佳蔬菜种植规模为0.4~0.6 hm^2,适宜中等规模农户的最佳蔬菜种植规模为2.667~5.333 hm^2,适宜大规模农户的最佳蔬菜种植规模为6.667 hm^2以上。基于研究结论,从因地制宜发展蔬菜适度规模经营、推进农村土地流转、促进农业集约化及精细化和品牌化发展、提升农业科技含量等方面对未来江西省蔬菜适度规模经营予以了展望。

With the development of rural economy and the rapid advance of modern agriculture, the structure of agricultural business entities is constantly changing. The new types of agricultural business entities,such as large specialized households, farmers＇ professional cooperatives, family farms and agricultural leading enterprises, have gradually become the leading force in the process of agricultural modernization in China.However, as a traditional form of agricultural management organization, common farmers still play an irreplaceable role in agricultural development. In order to ensure the implementation of the urban non-staple food supply project, there have been many concentrated vegetable planting areas in the outskirts of the city where common farmers are the main producers and managers. Through the ＂respective planting plus unified acquisition＂ business mode, the concentrated vegetable planting areas have created higher economic benefits and play good demonstration and leading role in the development of the vegetable industry, with differentfarmers＇ vegetable planting areas and differences in economic benefits. In order to better play the role of farmers in the agricultural supply-side structural reform and accelerate their transformation from ＂commodity vegetable farmer＂ to ＂modern vegetable farmer＂, the authors selected farmers in the concentrated vegetable growing area in Jiangxi province as the research object and used the Data Envelopment Method（DEA） to measure the comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the vegetable planting scale. The conclusion showed that the optimal vegetable planting scale for small-scale farmers was from 0.4 hectares to 0.6 hectares, the optimal vegetable planting scale for medium-scale farmers was from 2.667 hectares to 5.333 hectares, and the optimal vegetable planting scale for large-scale farmers was above 6.667 hectares. Based on the research results, the appropriate scale management of vegetables in Jiangxi province in the future was proposed from the aspects of developing appropriate scale management of vegetables according to local conditions,promoting rural land circulation, promoting agricultural intensive, fine and branding development, and enhancing agricultural scientific and technological level.