东北大豆种质群体花荚器官脱落的差异及其与主要农艺性状的相关分析

Difference of Flower and Pod Organ Abscission and Its Correlation Analysis Between Main Agronomic Characters in Soybean in Northeast of China

花荚器官脱落是影响大豆产量的重要因素之一。以314份东北大豆种质群体为试材,研究了不同种质之间花荚脱落的差异及其与主要农艺性状的相关分析。结果表明:东北大豆种质间花荚器官脱落存在丰富的遗传多样性,花荚脱落率变异系数为24. 37%,平均花荚脱落数、平均花荚脱落率分别37. 67个,34. 30%,变幅分别为11. 33~92. 57个,16. 29%~57. 94%。花荚脱落数随熟期变晚有增多趋势;花荚脱落率随熟期变晚有增大趋势。花荚脱落率与主要农艺性状相关性最大为主茎节数(0. 442),其次为株高(0. 423)。各性状与花荚脱落率的相关程度依次为主茎节数>株高>单株粒重>粒数>空瘪荚数>单株荚数>分枝数。研究结果可为创制花荚脱落率低的高产新品种提供新思路。

The flower and pod organ abscission is one of the important factors affecting soybean yield. The 34 soybean germ-plasm resources in Northeast, were selected as experimental materials to study the difference of flower and pod organ abscission and its correlation with main agronomic characters. The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity in flower pod organ abscission between different soybean germplasm in Northeast of China, the coefficient of variation of flower pod abscis-sion rate was 24. 37%, average of flower pod abscission number and average of flower pod abscission rate were 37. 67, 34. 30% ,and the range of variation were 11.33 -92. 57,16. 29% -57. 94% ,respectively. The number of flower pod abscis-sion and flower pod abscission rate increased gradually with the maturing period. The largest correlation coefficient among the main agronomic characters was the number of nodes of main stems（0. 442） ,followed by plant height（0. 423）. The correlation of each trait and flower and pod abscission were determined in order to be nodes in main stem 〉 plant height 〉 weight per plant 〉 seeds per plant 〉 empty pod per plant 〉 pods per plant 〉 branches number. The results could provide basis for improving soybean yield and breeding new cultivated varieties.