耐除草剂转基因大豆对花粉生活力的影响

Effects of Transgenic Glyphosate-Tolerate Soybean on Pollen Viability

转基因作物的环境安全评价是其商业化推广前的必要环节,其基因漂移风险及其可能引起的生态环境效应是安全性评价的重要内容。为了明确转EPSPS、PAT基因抗草甘膦大豆S4003. 12和S4003. 14外源基因的逃逸风险,于大豆盛花期选取温室种植的转基因大豆、其受体品种及常规栽培大豆材料花粉,使用液体培养基培养,检测其萌发率,并于带标尺显微镜下观察其花粉粒直径。结果表明:大豆花粉刚离体后萌发活力最强,培养2 h后花粉萌发率基本达到最大值约88. 2%,随离体时间延长萌发活力随之下降,室温放置3 h后,花粉几近完全失活;与非转基因对照相比,转EPSPS、PAT基因耐除草剂大豆S4003. 12和S4003. 14的花粉离体后的生存能力无显著差异,对花粉粒直径大小无显著差异。研究表明耐除草剂转基因大豆花粉传播能力与非转基因大豆间无显著差异,通过设置隔离区可有效规避外源基因逃逸风险。

The risk of gene flow and the possible ecological environmental effects of the transgenic crops are the important con-tents of the safety assessment which is a necessary link before the commercialization. For assessing the genetic flow risk of Glyphosate-Tolerate Soybean S4003.12 and S4003.14, the germination rate of pollen in profuse flowering seasons from trans-genic soybean, its receptor and conventional cultivated soybean varieties which selected in the greenhouses were detected by fluid nutrient medium, and the diameter of pollen grains were observed under scale microscope. The results showed that pollen germination rate of soybean was strongest when the pollen just in vitro which approximately 88.2% after 2 h. The germination vigor of the pollen decreased with the lengthening of the time in vitro, the pollen was almost completely inactivated when put it at room temperature for 3 h. No significant effect on the viability of pollen in vitro and the diameter of pollen grains between the Glyphosate-Tolerate Soybean S4003.12, S4003. 14 and the normal control. The study showed that there was no significant difference between the pollen transmission ability of glyphosate resistant transgenic soybean and non transgenic soybean and the risk of extraneous gene escape could be effectively avoided by setting the isolation zone.