小麦基因组研究现状与展望

Research Achievement and Prospect Development on Wheat Genome

我国是世界最大的小麦生产国和消费国,其生产对保障粮食安全具有重大战略意义。受限于普通小麦庞大且复杂的基因组,其重要农艺性状的基因克隆和分子设计育种技术发展远落后于水稻和玉米。在"分子模块设计育种创新体系"的支持下,我国科学家在破译小麦基因组研究中作出重大贡献,此外通过多年攻坚,利用"模块耦合育种"的理论已成功培育出小麦新品种。文章着重对这些重大成果和未来研究发展方向进行了阐述。

China is the largest wheat producer and consumer in the world. Wheat production is of great importance for national food security and is greatly influenced by the spatial variation of climatic variables,soils,cultivars,etc. The un-deciphered wheat genome has prevented the development of map-based cloning and molecular design breeding technology for a long time. Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Program ＂Innovative System of Designer Breeding by Molecular Modules＂,Chinese scientists made a significant contribution in deciphering the wheat genome. Moreover,some new wheat varieties have been successfully developed using the theory of ＂multi-module assembly breeding＂. This paper presents these important achievements and future research development directions.