3种职业健康风险评估模型在深圳市某变压器生产企业中的应用

Application of three models for occupational health risk assessment to a transformer factory in Shenzhen City

目的采用3种职业健康风险评估模型对深圳市某变压器生产企业职业病危害进行风险评估,探索适合变压器生产企业的职业健康风险评估方法。方法调查深圳市某变压器生产企业职业卫生现状和主要化学有害因素种类,采用定性风险评估和半定量风险评估(接触限值比值法和综合指数法)进行风险评估,并对结果进行比较分析。结果定性风险评估方法与半定量风险评估方法中的接触比值法和综合指数法相比,对化学有害因素中铅烟的风险评估结果偏低,但是对有机溶剂类化学毒物的风险评估结果总体偏高。接触限值比值法和综合指数法评估结果相近。结论 3种风险评估方法各有优缺点,评估结果也有差异。在变压器生产企业职业健康风险评估实践中,半定量风险评估方法更加适用。

[Objective]To take the occupational health risk assessment in a transformer factory in Shenzhen City by three models for occupational health risk assessment,and explore a suitable risk assessment model for transformer factories. [Methods] The occupational health status and main chemical hazard factors of a transformer factory in Shenzhen City were investigated.Qualitative risk assessment and semi-quantitative risk assessment（the method of compared with OELs and the method of comprehensive index） were used for risk assessment,and the results were compared and analyzed. [Results] The risk evaluation result of lead fume by qualitative risk assessment was lower than that by the method of compared with OELs and the method of comprehensive index of semi-quantitative risk assessment,while the risk evaluation result of organic solvent chemical poison was higher than that by the latter methods. The evaluation result of the method of compared with OELs was similar with that of the method of comprehensive index. [Conclusion] The three risk assessment methods have their own merits and demerits,and the evaluation results are also different. The semi-quantitative risk assessment is more suitable for the occupational risk assessment in the transformer factory.