合肥市某大型轮胎制造厂不同部门工人噪声性听力损失及影响因素

Noise-induced hearing loss and influencing factors of workers in different sectors of a lager tire manufacturing plant in Heifei City

目的探讨轮胎制造业不同部门工人噪声性听力损失(NIHL)的发生差异及影响因素,为该人群NIHL的防制提供科学依据。方法对合肥市某大型轮胎制造厂6个部门的2 105名接噪工人进行纯音听力测试并收集一般情况资料,测量作业场所噪声8 h等效连续A声级(LAeq,8 h)。用χ~2检验比较不同部门NIHL发生率差异,用Spearman相关分析NIHL发生率与噪声强度的关系,用多因素非条件logistic回归分析NIHL发生的比值比(OR)及其95%CI。结果轮胎制造厂6个部门2 105名接噪工人NIHL发生747人,检出率35.49%;不同部门工人NIHL检出率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),炼胶处检出率最高(49.07%),成型处最低(29.47%)。不同部门LAeq,8 h及合格率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中炼胶处平均LAeq,8 h最高(82.96±3.90),合格率最低(70.37%)。Spearman相关显示,NIHL发生率与噪声强度合格率呈显著负相关(r=-0.829,P<0.05)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,不同部门NIHL发生危险差异无统计学意义,在调整性别、年龄、工龄和噪声强度后,与NIHL发生率最低的成型处相比,炼胶处工人发生NIHL的OR值为1.236(95%CI:0.908～1.683),预备处工人发生NIHL的OR值为0.754(95%CI:0.575～0.989)。结论轮胎制造业工人NIHL的发生率较高且存在部门差异,主要与个体因素和不同部门职业性有害因素暴露差异有关。轮胎制造业在职业性噪声危害的防控要注意关键点的控制。

[Objective]To investigate the differences and related influencing factors of noise-induced hearing loss（NIHL） among noise-exposed workers in different sectors in tire manufacturing industry,and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of NIHL. [Methods] A total of 2 105 noise-exposed workers from 6 sectors in a lager tire manufacturing plant in Heifei City were tested for pure tone hearing,and their general information were collected. The 8 h equivalent continuous A sound level（L_（Aeq,8 h）） at workplace was monitored. χ^2 test was used to compare the incidence of NIHL among different sectors,spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between NIHL incidence and noise intensity,and multivariate nonconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze NIHL odds ratio（OR） and 95%CI.[Results] There were 747 workers with NIHL among 2 105 noise-exposed workers in six sectors of the tire manufacturing plant,with the detection rate of 35.49%,and the difference in the detection rate of NIHL was statistically significant among different sectors（P〈0.01）,which the highest detection rate（49.07%） was at the rubber mixing sector and the lowest（29.47%） was at the molding sector. There were statistically significant differences in the LAeq,8 h and the qualification rate among different sectors（P〈0.05）,which the average level of L_（Aeq,8 h）（82.96±3.90） at the rubber mixing sector was the highest,and the qualification rate was the lowest（70.37%）. Spearman correlations showed that the incidence of NIHL was negatively correlated with the qualification rate of noise intensity（r=-0.829,P〈0.05）.Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the NIHL risk among different sectors. After adjusting for gender,age,working age and intensity of noise,compared with the molding sector which the NIHL incidence was the lowest,the OR value of workers with NIHL at the rubber mixing sector was 1.236（95%CI：0.908-1.683）,and at the preparation sectors was 0.754（95%CI ：0.575-0.989）. [Conclusion ] The incidence of NIHL among workers in tire manufacturing is higher and there is difference among different sectors,which is related to individual factors and the exposure to different occupational hazards. Tire manufacturing industry should pay attention to the critical control points in the prevention and control of occupational noise hazard.