南昌市某大型汽车制造企业岗中职业健康检查

In-service occupational health examination in a large automobile manufacturing enterprise of Nanchang City

目的分析南昌市某大型汽车制造企业职业危害岗位作业人员健康状况,提出预防和控制职业危害的措施。方法依据GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》在岗期间职业健康检查内容和方法进行,粉尘作业岗中检查周期为2年1次,不在本年度检查范围内。所有资料采用Excel软件进行录入,使用SPSS 19.0软件建立数据库并将资料进行χ2检验/秩和检验/Fisher确切概率,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 (1)噪声岗位:高血压检出率显著高于其他岗位(P<0.01)。听力损失检出率为18.61%,其中高频(含双频)听力损失检出率为82.82%;听力损失随接害工龄增长成正比(P<0.01);听力损失在厂部间的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其异常率从高到低依次为车身厂、铸造厂、动力开发部、发动机厂、车架厂、总装厂、设备动力厂和冲压厂,均高于10%。(2)苯及苯系物岗位:血常规异常率女性显著高于男性(P<0.01),在接害工龄间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在厂部分布间比较为质管部显著高于其他组(P<0.01),其他各组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本次检查出职业相关疾病或异常261人占12.33%、职业禁忌症3人(噪声作业2人、苯作业1人)。结论结合近两年检查资料显示,南昌市某大型汽车制造企业有害因素以噪声、苯及苯系物和粉尘为主,尤其是噪声广泛存在且危害严重,应引起企业、监管部门的高度重视。

[Objective] To analyze the health status of workers exposed to occupational hazards in a large automobile manufacturing enterprise of Nanchang City,and put forward measures to prevent and control occupational hazards.[Methods] The study was performed according to the content and method of in-service occupational health examination form the Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Specification（GBZ 188-2014）. The in-service health examination for dust exposure was conducted every two years,which was not included in this examination. All the data were entered by Excel software,the SPSS 19.0 software was used to set up the database,and the data were analyzed by 2 test/Rank sum test/Fisher exact probability method. P value less than 0.05 determined statistical significance for differences.[Results]（1）For the noise posts,the detection rate of hypertension was significantly higher than that in other posts（P〈0.01）. The detection rate of hearing loss was 18.61%,and the detection rate of high-frequency（including double frequency） hearing loss was 82.82%. The hearing loss increased with the increase of exposure years（P〈0.01）. The difference in hearing loss was statistically significant among different factories/departments（P〈0.01）,while the abnormal rate from high to low was body factory,foundry factory,power development department,engine factory,frame factory,assembly plant,equipment power plant and stamping factory,and all abnormal rates were higher than 10%.（2） For benzene and benzene series posts,the abnormal rate of routine blood test in females was significantly higher than that of male（P〈0.01）,and the difference was statistically significant among different groups of exposure years（P〈0.05）. Among different factories/departments,the abnormal rate in quality control department was significantly higher than that in other factories/departments（P〈0.01）,and there was no statistically significant difference among other groups（P〉0.05）. The health examination found 261 people with occupation-related diseases or abnormalities,accounting for 12.33%,and three people with occupational contraindications（two for nose exposure and one for benzene exposure）. [Conclusion] Combined with the physical examination data in recent two years,it is shown that the main harmful factors of a large automobile manufacturing enterprise in Nanchang City are noise,benzene and benzene series and dust,especially the widespread noise and its serious harmfulness. The enterprises and the regulatory authorities should pay great attention to it.