人参茎叶成分分析及提取物抗氧化活性研究

Research on content of components and biological activity of extracts from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng

对人参茎叶中总皂苷、重金属及矿物质元素含量进行分析,研究水提物和醇提物不同极性萃取部位对DPPH·、羟自由基、ABTS^+·的清除能力以及相对还原能力。结果表明:人参茎叶总皂苷含量为3.19%;汞、铅、铬、铜、铝等重金属含量超标,矿物质中铁、钾、锶、镁、钠、锌、锰含量较高;提取物不同极性萃取部位中醇提物的水相W含有最高的总酚及总黄酮,含量分别为0.496mg GAE/g和1.047 mg QE/g;综合抗氧化能力水提物的水相W和醇提物的正丁醇相B分别具有最好的抗氧化效果;人参茎叶不同极性部位抗氧化活性与总酚及总黄酮含量大小不呈正相关。人参茎叶具有较好的开发天然抗氧化剂的前景。

The contents of total saponins, heavy metals and mineral elements in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng were analyzed. The scavenging capacities of DPPH·, hydroxyl free radical, ABTS^＋· and relative reducing ability of extracts with different polarities were studied. The results showed that the total content of ginsenoside in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng was 3.19%; the contents of heavy metal such as Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Al was exceeded the standard; the contents of Fe, K, Sr, Mg, Na, Zn, Mn were higher in minerals. The water phase W of the methanol extract contained the highest total phenols and total flavonoids, with the contents as 0.496 mg GAE/g and 1.047 mg QE/g, respectively. The water phase W of aqueous extracts and the butanol phase B of methanol extracts had the best antioxidant effect respectively. There was no positive correlation between the antioxidant activity of different polarity parts and the content of total phenols and total flavonoids. The stems and leaves of Panax ginseng had the better prospect for the development of natural antioxidants.