酒香真的不怕巷子深吗?——基于国家级风景名胜区的区位选择问题研究

Does “Good Wine Needs No Bush”, Really Hold Good?A Study on Location Selection of Chinese National Parks

文章采用2000—2014年国家级风景名胜区的面板数据和风景名胜区到地级市、省会城市、三大都市圈的地理距离数据,考察供给侧改革背景下旅游景区开发的区位选择问题。研究发现:地理距离对国家级风景名胜区旅游接待人数具有显著的负向影响,在控制多种因素和不同情境下,该结果仍然稳健,说明旅游景区存在"酒香也怕巷子深"的现象;随着人均收入的提高,地理距离对国家级风景名胜区的旅游接待人数的影响呈现减弱趋势,验证了我国存在旅游消费转型现象,即随着人均收入的提高,人们对观光旅游需求会减少;国家级风景名胜区升5A级景区后,旅游接待人数会显著增加;高铁的开通对国家级风景名胜区的旅游接待人数具有显著的正向影响,但在人均收入较低的地区不显著。文章的政策建议是:在旅游供给侧改革过程中,需要对旅游景区的地理区位进行认真思考。

With continued improvement in people＇s income levels, their tourism demand is seen as constantly upgrading, but there is also a wide chasm between tourism demand and tourism supply.Many scenic spots need a lot of capital to be built; as a result, the reaction of the market is not very good. This implies that there are some problems from the tourism supply side. Using distances from the national parks to the prefecture level cities, the provincial capital cities, three metropolitans, to measure the geographical location of the national parks, this paper explores the influence of the geographical location on tourists of the national parks. This also answers the question, what kind of national parks should be chosen for development,namely-whether the phrase ＂good wine needs no bush＂ is applicable in this context？Utilizing the panel data of the national parks from 2000 to 2014 and the econometric model of Pooled OLS and random effects, the results show：（1） the geographical distance has a significant negative impact on tourists of the national parks, with the geographical distance（including and prefecture level cities, provincial cities, three metropolitans） increase of 1% each, the tourists of the national parks will be reduced from 0.14% to 0.27%, which means good wine was afraid to bush;（2）Taking the outbound tourists and tourism income as alternative variable to test robustness, the results still exist, but the effect is different;（3） with per capita income increasing, the influence of geographic distances for tourists of national parks were gradually weakened, which validate the general rules of tourism consumption transformation, namely that when the per capita income is low, people choose sightseeing tours and travel; and when per capita income increases, tourism consumption shifts from sightseeing tourism to leisure tourism;（4） in the rising 5 A level of national parks, the geographical distance influence on tourists still exists, and the lag effect should exist to influence tourists;（5） after the creation of a high speed railway network, geographical distance influence on tourists still exists,mainly embodied in the whole sample and high income sample; however in the low income of the sample, the effect is not significant.The study concludes that the phenomenon of ＂good wine needs no bush＂ does not exist. In today ＇ s China,tourism development of resource-oriented phenomenon makes tourism supply and demand illmatched, resulting in some of the tourist spots spending a lot of money to develop, but their economic benefit is not ideal. The policy implication of this paper is that, before the planning and development of tourist spots, we need to confirm whether the scenic spot is a sightseeing or a leisure scenic area and that the scenic spot has the richness and uniqueness of the endowment of tourism resources. We especially need to consider the geographical distance from the scenic spot to prefecture-level cities, the provincial capital cities, and the three metropolitan areas. It is on the basis of comprehensive analysis,that scientific and rational planning and development must be carried out.