快乐抑或实现?旅游者幸福感研究的转向——基于国外幸福感研究的述评

Hedonism or Eudaemonism? A Review of Changes in Tourists' Well-being Research Internationally

目前的旅游者幸福感研究普遍借用主观幸福感这一概念,这种借用将旅游者幸福感的概念局限于情感要素,而忽视了旅游体验的价值和意义。借用过程中存在的偏差使得旅游者幸福感的概念化和术语使用存在模糊和混淆等问题。鉴于此,文章借助哲学和心理学领域的相关理论,对现有国外旅游者幸福感研究的发展历程和理论成果进行梳理和评述。研究发现,早期的旅游者幸福感研究主要集中于旅游者情感和生活满意度两个维度,欠缺对旅游者幸福感内涵的深入挖掘。随着研究的深入,学者意识到直接借用主观幸福感概念的局限性,进而开始转向从实现主义视角理解旅游者幸福感。这一研究转向不仅引发了学界对旅游者幸福感研究的反思和拓展,还为未来的旅游者幸福感研究提供了素材和思路。

Asone of the main sources of human well-being,tourism has been increasingly integrated by people into their lives. For this reason, tourism has attracted the attention of scholars because of the impact of its happiness industry on people＇s well-being. Compared with the fields of philosophy and psychology, well-being research started late in the field of tourism. The current research on tourists＇ well-being, both that domestically and internationally, is still at an early, exploratory stage. The discussion of some problems has been relatively blurred because of a lack of systematic exploration of theories. Most tourism well-being research is based on the fields of philosophy and psychology.Researchers studying tourists＇ well-being currently generally borrow the concept of subjective wellbeing from psychology. In this concept, tourists＇ well-being as experienced through tourism is understood to bean increase in positive emotions, a decrease in negative emotions, and a high degree of satisfaction in life. This borrowing of terms restricts the conceptualization of tourists＇ well-being to its emotional elements and ignores both the value and the significance of the tourists＇ experiences.Moreover, directly borrowing concepts can lead to certain deviations in the borrowing process, which means that the use of the concepts and termi nology i n tourists＇ well-bei ng may be vague and confused.This confusion of concepts and terminology in tourists＇ well-being research causes challenges for future research in this field. Thus, this study explores the relevant theories from the fields of philosophy and psychology so as to comment on the developmental history and theoretical results of current tourists＇ well-being research internationally. Exploring the relevant international research will help to clarify the concept of tourists＇ well-being and indicate possible future research directions. This study found that early research into tourists＇ well-being mainly focused on the two dimensions of tourists＇ emotions and life satisfaction, which were studied thoroughly in the context of the performance of tourists in these two dimensions. However, this research lacked an in-depth excavation of the concept of tourists＇ well-being. As research studies in this field deepened,scholars realized that there were limitations to using subjective wall-being to conceptualize tourists＇ well-being. However,the simultaneous revival of Aristotle＇s theory of well-being in philosophy and the use of the concept of psychological well-being in psychology changed the focus of tourists＇ well-being research to the understanding of tourists＇ wellbeing from an eudaemonistic perspective. In contrast to research that directly borrows the concept of subjective well-being,tourists＇ well-being research focuses on other benefits from a eudaemonistic perspective. These benefits include the significance of the tourists＇ unforgettable experiences provided by tourism. Aristotle＇s eudaemonism can be considered to improve the explanation of the concept of tourists＇ well-being in tourism research. This change in direction in tourists＇ well-being research has not only led to reflections on the existing research, but has also provided materials and ideas for potential future research into tourists＇ well-being.