意外妊娠青少年的避孕相关知识调查

Survey of contraceptive knowledge among adolescents with unwanted pregnancy

目的:了解意外妊娠青少年对避孕知识的掌握情况。方法:随机抽取2016年5月—2017年4月在本院接受人工流产的意外妊娠青少年745例,分为青少年组(≤18岁)263例和青年组(19～24岁)482例,均进行现场问卷调查和随访,并对数据进行分析。结果:除安全套避孕及阴道避孕环外,对其他避孕措施的知晓率,青少年组低于青年组,未采取避孕措施比例(73.4%)高于青年组(37.6%)(均P<0.05)。在青年组中,使用较频繁的避孕方式为安全期(21.8%)、体外射精(18.7%)及紧急避孕药(10.2%)。青少年组58.2%不了解人工流产风险,青年组为40.0%(P<0.05)。流产后立即落实避孕措施比率青少年组(27.4%)低于青年组(43.5%)(P<0.05)。结论:缺乏避孕知识是导致青少年组青少年人工流产的主要原因;未掌握正确有效的避孕措施和缺乏人工流产风险意识是导致青年组青少年人工流产的主要原因。建议青少年流产后应立即落实避孕措施。

Objective： To understand the contraceptive knowledge among adolescents with unwanted pregnancy. Meth- ods： 745 adolescents with unwanted pregnancy from May 2016 to April 2017 in Kunming maternity and child health care hospital were selected randomly, and were divided into low age group （263 cases in 15--18 years old）, and high age group （263 cases in 19--24 years old）. All included adolescents were surveyed by questionnaire on spot, and the relative data were recorded and analyzed. Results： Except some knowledge about condoms and vaginal contraceptive ring, the awareness rate about other contraception of adolescents in low age group were significant lower than that of adolescents in high age group （P〈0.05）. The rate of unused any contraception of adolescents in low age group （73.4%） was significant higher than that （37.6%） of adolescents in high age group （P〈0.05）. In high age group, the most frequently used contraception methods were safety period contraception （21.8%）, coitus interruptus （ 18.7%）, and emergency contraception （10.2%）. 58.2% of adolescents in low age group had no cognition of risk of arlificial a bortion, which was significant higher than that （40.0%） of adolescents in high age group （P〈0.05）. The rate of im plement contraceptive immediately after abortion of adolescents in low age group （27.4^） were significant lower than that （43.5%） of adolescents in high age group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Lack of the knowledge of contraceptive is the main cause of induced abortion of adolescents in low age group, and lack of correct and effective contraception and less cognition of risk of artificial abortion are the main cause of induced abortion of adolescents in high age group. Contra- ception should be implemented immediately after abortion for adolescent.