贺兰山高等真菌垂直分布规律与经济真菌资源评价

Vertical Distribution Patterns of Higher Fungus and Their Evaluation from the Helan Shan

贺兰山高等真菌垂直分布分为四个垂直带谱:1.低山带以腹菌类Gasteromycetes为主;2.中山带以杯伞属Chitocybe、蘑菇属Agaricus、乳牛肝菌属Suillus和多孔菌类Polyporaceae等常见;3.深山带汇萃了贺兰山主要的真菌种类,以丝膜菌属Cortinarius、粘滑菇属Hebeloma、丝盖伞属Inocybe、口蘑属Ticholoma和乳菇属Lactarius为典型代表;4.亚高山带仅有少量高等真菌分布。贺兰山高等真菌中食、药用及菌根菌有140余种,其中贺兰山紫蘑Cortinariusrufo-olivaceus最为著名,有极高的经济价值并对贺兰山云杉林的生长发育有重要意义。

This paper is the first report on the higher fungus from the Helaa Shan west of China. By analyzing the vertical distribution pattens of higher fungus from the mountain,there are four vertical distribution belts as follows. 1. The zone of mountain. the common representatives are dought-enduring and smaller species of the Polipo-raceae. 2. The zone of middle mountain. On the grassland under the forest in the moun-tain valleys, there are more species of Clitocybe, Agaricus Suillus and Poliporaceae distributed. 3. The zone of upper mountain. Under the forest of Picea crassifolia, some species of genus Cortinarius,Hebeloma,Inocybe Trichoma and Lactarius are very usual. 4. The zone of sub-alp. There are few species of higher fungus on this zone. The paper also deal with the evaluation of the economic fungus. About more than 140 species in to-tal from the mountain are edible,medical and cetomycorrhizal fungus. Among of them moust famous edible and ectomycorrhizal mushroom is Cominarius rufo-olivaceus. The exploitation and utilization of this economic fungus are very important significance in bi-ology and economics.