土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展

Advances in remediation techniques for soil heavy metal pollution

近年来随着社会经济的快速发展,土壤受重金属污染问题日益显著,土壤污染不仅对整个土壤圈层造成危害,而且对其它各大圈层也造成一定的影响,如水体污染、空气污染等.其污染源主要分为自然源和人工源2大类,所涉及到的重金属元素主要有Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Zn、Cu、Ni等元素,如何有效地治理土壤重金属污染对农产品安全和人类健康发展具有重要意义.因此文中从土壤重金属污染来源,国内外土壤修复研究现状,土壤重金属污染修复技术的研究进展几个方面阐述,目前土壤重金属污染修复所采用的技术主要有物理修复、化学修复、生物修复、农业生态修复以及联合修复技术,阐述各修复技术的原理、适用条件、应用实例并分析其优点和不足,其中最为常用的修复手段为生物修复,而联合修复因具备其它单一修复技术所不具备的优越性,可以作为今后在土壤修复领域的重点发展方向,以期为我国受污染土壤的治理提供借鉴经验.

In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, soil has been ever more seriously polluted by heavy metals. Soil pollution not only causes harm to the whole soil circle, but also exerts a bad influence on other large circles, like water pollution and air pollution. The pollution sources mainly come from nature and human activities. Heavy metal elements involved are mainly Hg,Cd,Pb,Cr,As,Zn,Cu,Ni. How to effectively control soil heavy metal pollution is of great significance to the safety of agricultural products and the health of human beings. The paper explores the sources of soil heavy metal pollution, the status quo of soil remediation research at home and abroad, and the research progress of remediation technology for soil heavy metal pollution. At present, the main techniques used in soil heavy metal pollution remediation include physical remediation, chemical remediation, bioremediation, agroeeologieal remediation and combined remediation techniques. The principles, applicable conditions, application examples and advantages and disadvantages of each remediation technique are described in detail. Among them, bioremediation is most commonly used. Owing to its superiority to other single remediation techniques, combined remediation can be regarded as the key direction in soil remediation in the future so that it can shed light on soil pollution control in China.