土壤磷素淋溶研究进展

Research Advances on Soil Phosphorus Leaching

由于土壤本身磷含量无法满足作物需求,使得磷肥投入成为保障作物高产的必要措施之一。但是,由于农民追求高产而过量施肥,导致土壤中磷素积累、淋溶现象突出,这不仅降低了肥料利用率、提高了农业生产成本,还对地下水的安全以及生态环境造成一定威胁。根据近年来土壤磷素积累、淋溶迁移等方面的研究报道,从施肥数量、肥料种类及施肥制度阐述了施肥对设施菜地磷素淋溶造成的影响,同时分析了灌溉水平、土壤结构和质地以及耕作制度、种植年限等其他因素对磷素淋溶的影响,可为减少土壤中磷素的淋溶损失、提高磷肥利用率提供理论依据。

The phosphorus content in the soil itself cannot meet the demand of crops growth, so the investment of phosphatefertilizer is one of the necessary measures to ensure high yield of crop. Phosphorus accumulating and leaching in soil were prominent dueto excessive fertilization, which reduced fertilizer utilization and increased agricultural production cost, and threatened the safety ofgroundwater and the ecological environment. Phosphorus accumulating and leached research in recent years was summarized in thisparper. According to these reports, fertilization was the main factor that affected the phosphorus leaching. Appropriate fertilization modesincluding meet type, suitable amount, opportune fertilizing time and way could effectively reduce the loss of phosphorus. At the same time,the effects of the amount of irrigation, soil structure and texture, farming systems, planting years, and other factors on phosphorus leachingwere analyzed. It can provide theoretical basis for reducing the leaching loss of phosphorus in soil and improving the utilization ratio ofphosphorus fertilizer.