避雨栽培控制梨早期落叶及二次开花效果试验

Control Effects of Rain-shelter Cultivation on Early Defoliation and Reflorescence of Pear Trees

探讨了‘翠冠’梨在避雨与露地两种不同栽培模式下,叶部病害发生、早期落叶、二次开花程度的差异及其对开花结果与果实品质的影响。结果表明:‘翠冠’梨在避雨栽培条件下,梨斑点病、梨褐斑病、梨黑斑病、梨炭疽病4种叶部主要病害发生轻微,病情指数极显著低于露地栽培;避雨栽培梨的大量落叶期较露地栽培推迟60 d以上;与露地栽培相比,避雨栽培梨的当年秋冬花芽萌动比例降低了62.28个百分点,花芽数量增加了2.21倍,翌年花序坐果率、花朵坐果率、单株产量分别提高了1.20、2.05、2.98倍,单果重、果实可溶性固形物含量分别增加了86.66 g和提高了0.85个百分点。

Under two different cultivation modes （ rain-shelter cultivation and open-field cultivation） of “ Cuiguan” pear,the differences in leaf disease occurrence, early defoliation and reflorescence degree of pear trees were studied, and their effectson the flowering, fruit-setting and fruit quality were analyzed. The results showed that four main leaf diseases （ pear spot disease,brown patch, black spot and anthracnose） in “Cuiguan” pear occurred slightly under the condition of rain-shelter cultivation,and the disease indexes of these four diseases were significantly lower than those under open-field cultivation. The date of massdefoliation in rain-shelter cultivation was over 60 days later than that in open-field cultivation. In comparison with open-field cultivation, the germinating rate of floral buds in autumn and winter of this year in rain-shelter cultivation reduced by 62.28%, thequantity of floral buds increased by 2.21 times, the fruit-setting rate of inflorescences, fruit-setting rate of flowers and single-plant yield in the next year increased by 1.20, 2.05 and 2.98 times, respectively, and the single-fruit weight and soluble solidcontent increased by 86.66 g and 0.85%, respectively.