从“选贤与能”看儒家民本社会治理秩序的动态平衡

Dynamic Balance of Confucian People-Oriented Social Governance from the Perspective of Choosing the Virtuous and the Able

"德政""礼法""选贤"三位一体构成了传统中国民本社会治理的架构与逻辑,是形而上之谓道,形而中之谓人,形而下之谓器的三元和合。借助于选贤与能,儒家建立了基层社会的自我治理机制,体现出儒家社会治理规则的主要特征和出发点。贤能政治在儒家民本社会治理中的政治调节机制与功能主要体现在贤能之士对儒家民本思想的政治认同与角色认同、对民众利益的表达与综合,以及基于民本思想的政治评价与政治批判、政治调节与劝勉等方面,这是儒家民本社会治理维持社会平衡的重要机制。

The trinity of benevolent governance,rules of etiquette and choosing the virtuous constitutes the structure and logic of the traditional Chinese people-oriented social governance,which embodies the triple integration of what is above forms refers to the way（ dao）,what is middle forms refers to the man and what is below forms refers to utensils. By virtue of choosing the virtuous and the able,Confucianism establishes the self governance mechanism of the grassroots society,reflecting the main characteristics and starting points of Confucian social governance rules. The political adjustment mechanism and function of the virtuous politics in Confucian people-oriented social governance mainly embody the virtuous people＇s political and role identification of Confucian people-oriented ideas,their expression and synthesis of the interests of the public,and their political evaluation and criticism as well as political adjustment and exhortation based on people-oriented thoughts. This consists of an important mechanism of Confucian people-oriented social governance to maintain the social balance.