集体经营性建设用地入市收益分配重构研究——兼与农村土地征收制度改革的对比

On the Reconstruction of Revenue Distribution of Marketization of Commercial Collective Construction Land: A Contrast with the Reform of Rural Land Expropriation System

农村土地制度改革是一项系统工程,构建科学合理的收益分配格局是联动改革的主要抓手。基于H省W市集体经营性建设用地入市和农村土地征收制度的改革实践,仿真模拟农户个体选择行为分化及与政府间的博弈,在评价W市土地利用效益的基础上,重构"入市"收益分配格局,探索两项改革的联动机制。研究结果表明:(1)农民在策略选择中表现出"理性经济人"特征。农民参与入市改革的意愿较强,对土地征收则表现消极,两者收益分配存在差距导致农民选择分化。(2) W市土地利用效益的评价结果显示,土地利用社会和生态效益有待提高,国家、集体和农民共享社会和生态效益,理应共同承担支付成本。(3)以W市城镇规划区内商业用途入市地块为例,调整"入市"改革中国家、集体和个人收益分配比例,政府提取土地增值收益调节金比例增至31%～37%之间,则"入市"和"征地"收益比控制在[1. 42∶1,1. 58∶1]区间内,能够实现大体平衡。研究得出结论:树立改革底线思维,建立"入市"和"征收"改革中的信任机制和"反哺"机制,可推动两项改革联动运行。

Reform of rural land system is a systematic project,and building a scientific and reasonable revenue distribution pattern is the main gripper of collaborative reform. According to the reform of marketization of commercial collective construction land and rural expropriation system in one city of a province,the paper simulates the differentiation of the farmers＇ individual choice behavior and the game between the farmers and the government. On the basis of evaluation of land-use benefit in this city,a pattern of revenue distribution of marketization is reconstructed to explore the linkage mechanism of two kinds of reform. The study concludes as follows：（ 1）The farmers show the characteristics of ＂rational economic men＂in the choice of strategies. They have stronger willingness for participation in the reform of marketization,but are pessimistic about land expropriation. It is their differences in income distribution that lead to the polarization of their choices.（ 2） The evaluation results out of the land-use benefit in this city show that the social and ecological benefits of land use need to be improved,and also the country,the collective and the farmers should mutually share the payment cost while sharing the social and ecological benefits.（ 3） With the commercial marketization land in the urban planning area in this city as an example,it is suggested to adjust the percentage of revenue distribution among the government,the collective and the individual in the marketization reform. When the regulatory proportion of land value-added benefits which the government extracts increases to 31%-37%,the income ratio of land marketization and land expropriation will be controlled within the range from 1. 42： 1 to 1. 58： 1,which insures a general balance.Therefore,the linkage operation of two reforms can be promoted by establishing the bottom line thinking in the reform,and setting up the trust mechanism and feedback mechanism in the reforms of land marketization and expropriation.