矿区土地复垦制度路径探索——以山西省为例

Path exploration of land reclamation system in mining area——taking Shanxi as an example

矿区土地复垦因其涉及复垦周期长、监控难度大、治理难度大等已经成为我国生态治理的重要课题。受资源价格与国际接轨等因素、矿产资源的过快开发为资源型经济带来了巨大的财富,但由于矿区生态保护制度滞后、采矿复垦成本测算困难、土地复垦执法难度大等问题的存在,矿区生态破坏及污染非常严重。拟以资源型经济土地复垦制度和实践现状分析,梳理现有矿区复垦政策法律规范瓶颈与不足,借鉴国外土地复垦经验,吸收信息化、大数据、周期化理念,寻求硬法和软法兼容的治理路径,以期逐步实现十九大以来提出的生态修复的制度化方案。

Land Reclamation in mining area has become an important issue of ecological governancein China due to its long reclamation cycle, hard monitoring and difficult management. The rapid development of mineral resources owing to resource prices and international standards have brought great wealth to the resource-based economy. However, the ecological destruction and pollution of the mining area are very serious because of the lagging of the ecological protection system, difficulty of the cost calculation and the law enforcement in the mining area . Based on the analysis of land reclamation system and practices of the resourcebased economy , the paper sorts out the bottlenecks and shortcomings of the legal norms of the reclamation policy in the existing mining areas, and seeks the compatible governance path of the hard method and soft method by drawing on experiences of foreign countries, absorbing informationalization, big data and periodization concept, with a view to gradually realizing the institutional plan of ecological restoration put forward by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.