淅川县石质荒漠化防治关键措施及模式研究

Key Measures and Model Research for Prevention and Control of Stone Desertification in Xichuan County

淅川县是南水北调中线工程的重要水源区、主要淹没区和渠首所在地,全县石质荒漠化土地面积745.539 3 km^2、占土地总面积的26.44%,其中重度、中度、轻度、潜在石质荒漠化土地面积分别为54.750 6、80.567 1、228.216 6、382.005 0 km^2,石质荒漠化呈加速发展趋势,导致土壤侵蚀强烈,侵蚀模数高达3 500 t/(km^2·a),水土流失和区域生态环境问题十分严重,制约着当地经济社会的发展,而且对南水北调中线水源区水质及供水安全造成严重影响。通过对淅川县石质荒漠化现状和近年来生态治理工程建设情况进行实地调研,提出了适宜当地防治石质荒漠化、发展生态农业经济的石窝、石阶、石坎等聚土保土关键工程措施,龙须草、香根草、斑茅、油桐、马尾松、侧柏、栎树等人工植被重建关键生物措施配置模式,生态农庄、林果药草、小流域综合开发利用等生态农业经济发展典型模式。

Xichuan County is the core source area and the main flood zone of the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and also the location of the head work,which the land area of the stone desertification is 745.539 3 km2,accounts for 26.44% of the total land area. The land areas of severe,moderate,mild and potential stone desertification are 54. 750 6 km2,80.567 1 km2,228.216 6 km2 and382.005 0 km2 respectively. The survey found that the stone desertification trend of Xichuan County is accelerating. Because of stone desertification,the soil erosion is severe and the erosion modulus is as high as 3 500 t/km2 per year. Soil erosion and regional ecological resources environmental problems are very serious,which restrict the development of local economy and society,moreover,it has serious influence to the water quality and water supply safety in the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Through field investigation on the status quo of stone desertification in Xichuan County and the construction of ecological management project in recent years,the key engineering measures of soil accumulation and soil conservation such as stone nest,stone step and cross-wall,artificial vegetation reconstruction key biological measure configuration mode such as Chinese alpine rush,vetiver grass,saccharum arundinaceum,tung tree,masson pine,platycladus orientalis and oak,typical pattern of ecological agriculture measures such as ecological farm,forest fruit herb and integrated development of small watersheds,which were suitable for preventing and controlling stone desertification and developing eco-agricultural economy in Xichuan County were put forward.