小麦品种(系)延绿性的遗传变异及其特征

Genetic Variance of Stay Green and Its Characteristics of Leaf Senescence in Wheat Variety

为了解高湿环境下小麦品种(系)延绿性的遗传变异和延绿特点,2012-2014年以我国主要麦区近年来育成的47个品种(系)为材料,以品种(系)开花后不同日龄下旗叶的绿色叶面积百分比(%GLA)为指标,采用模糊聚类法对品种(系)的延绿性进行分类,用Gompertz模型拟合品种(系)开花后旗叶的衰老过程并解析其衰老特性。结果表明,3年试验中,小麦品种(系)均可分为延绿、中等延绿、中等早衰和早衰4种类型,其中,CP02-8-5-6-2-1、天民668、川农16、川麦60、川麦107和泰山046219为延绿稳定表达品种(系);小麦旗叶衰老特征参数达到最大衰老时间(TMRS)、绿色叶面积持续期(GLAD)和平均衰老速度(ARS)与灌浆后期旗叶的%GLA均呈极显著正相关;同一年度不同延绿型品种(系)间旗叶的TMRS、GLAD和ARS存在显著差异,MRS无显著差异,TMRS和GLAD表现为延绿型>中等延绿型>中等早衰型>早衰型,ARS表现为早衰型>中等早衰型>中等延绿型>延绿型;不同年度间小麦旗叶TMRS和GLAD表现为2014年>2013年>2012年,MRS表现为2013年>2014年>2012年,ARS以2012年>2013年>2014年。这说明旗叶衰老特征参数可作为品种延绿的评价指标。

To understand the extent and features of genetic variation of stay green traits in wheat varie- ties under water-logged environment,forty-seven varieties released from major wheat growing regions were evaluated during 2012-2014 wheat growing seasons,and the percentage green leaf area（%GLA） of flag leaf was used to group the tested varieties by fuzzy cluster method, and to fit flag leaf senes- cence process by Gompertz model the tested varieties. The derived parameters of leaf senescence curve were used to analyze stay green features of the tested varieties. The results indicated that forty-seven varieties tested in years 2012-2014 could be clustered into four different types,stay green（SG）,mod- erately stay green（MSG）,moderately non-stay green（MNSG） and non-stay green（NSG）,and CP02-8- 5-6-2-1,Tianmin 668,Chuannong 16,Chuanmai 60,Chuanmai 107 and Taishan 046219 could be as-signed as SG type based on their stay green performances in the three consecutive years; the time of maximum rate of leaf senescence（TMRS）,green leaf area duration（GI.AD） and average rate of leaf se- nescence（ARS） were significantly and positively correlated with %GLA at late filling stage; in the same growing season except for MRS, the other three parameters TMRS, GI.AD and ARS were signif- icantly different among the four different types,and the orders of the mean values were as following： TMRS and GI.AD ranked as SG〉MSG〉MNSG〉NSG,ARS ranked as NSG〉MNSG〉MSG〉SG; in different growing seasons, the mean values for the flag leaf senescence parameters of the four differ- ent types ranked as 2014〉2013〉2012 for TMRS and GI.AD,2013〉2014〉2012 for MRS,and 2012〉2013〉2014 for ARS. The characteristic parameters of leaf senescence process could be used as an in- dicator to distinguish the extent of the stay green performance of wheat variety.