中东路事件与黑瞎子岛问题之史实澄清

Clearing Some Facts about Zhongdong Railway Incident and Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island

近二十多年来,中国的一些出版物和研究者把中东路事件与苏联占领黑瞎子岛联系在一起,这是不符合历史事实的。中东路事件虽是中苏边境的一次大规模武装冲突,但其缘起于中东铁路问题,而不是中苏双方由边界争端、争夺黑瞎子岛而导致的边界事件,中东路事件的整个过程始终未涉及黑瞎子岛问题。无论是当时有关中苏冲突的报道还是最后签订的议定书都没有提及占领黑瞎子岛。从目前能看到的档案材料看,也没有1929年中东路事件中苏军占领黑瞎子岛的记载。学界认为苏军1929年占领了黑瞎子岛的观点,是因地理概念不清而造成的错误解读。黑瞎子岛问题是1860年中俄《北京条约》条约文本与附图之间的矛盾造成的,属于边界争端问题。它与1929年的中苏中东路冲突无关,1929年之前就已经存在了。虽然苏联曾把边界线划在抚远水道上,并实际控制着该岛,但中方各个时期从来没有承认这一划分。

For pastmore than two decades, some Chinese researchers and their publications have linked Zhongdong Railway Incident to the Soviet occupation of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, which is not in line with historical facts. Although Zhongdong Railway Incident was a large-scale armed confict on the border between China and the Soviet Union, it originated from the Zhongdong Railway Incident itself, rather than the border incident caused by the border dispute between China and the Soviet Union over Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island. The whole process of Zhongdong Railway Incident never involved the issue of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island. Neither reports of the Sino-Soviet confict nor the fnal protocol mentioned the occupation of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island. The archives, which are available at present, have no record of Soviet occupation of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island in Zhongdong Railway Incident in 1929 also.Scholars believe that the Soviet occupation of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island in 1929 was a misunderstanding caused by the unclear geographical concept. The issue of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island was caused by the contradiction between the text of the Sino-Russian treaty of Beijing in 1860 and the attached map.It had nothing relating to the Sino-Soviet confict over Zhongdong Railway in 1929, which had existed before that year. Although the Soviet Union had set the border between China and the Soviet Unionon the Fuyuan waterway and actually controlled the island, China never recognized the demarcation at any time.