论《老子》的人类主体世界建构:一个生物符号学观点

A Biosemiotic View of the Human Species-specific Umwelt in Laozi

西方符号学与中国古典哲学、诗学文献的联合已非新制,以《老子》文本所建构的人类主体世界为线索,本文讨论《老子》作为符号学前文本的可能性,旨在参与这种中西与古今对话的当下在场。生物符号学和动物符号学将语言排除出其研究范围,但是,语言实则是建构和理解人类物种特异性基础上的主体世界的必然途径。在《老子》,首章提出的＂道＂与＂名＂即第一性之阴性法则与第三性之＂命名＂的合力建构统摄之下,《老子》文本展现了建构与图绘人类主体世界意义的人类物种特异性。老子是一个卓越的符号学家,《老子》也是一个符号学的前文本,回归《老子》等古典文本反而是我们更好地理解今日自我主体性的良策。

From the perspective of ＂Umwelt＂ in biosemiotics, this paper delves into the role that language plays in establishing and mapping human beings＇ species-specific Umwelt. The first chapter of Laozi puts forward the idea that the collaboration of Dao, as the female principle with the Firstness, and Ming （Naming）, as the legal function of the Thirdness, manifests the species-specificity of human beings＇ Umwelt. Laozi is a semiotician par excellence, and Laozi works as the pre-text of semiotics. Thus, tracing back to those classics will guide the way to the formation of a better understanding of the Umwelt of human beings.