利科的存在论话语理论

Ricoeur’s Existentialist Discourse Theory

在利科看来,语言只有在具体的使用中才现实存在,人的存在经验也只能在话语中才能得到言说。因此,话语对于语言系统而言,具有存在论层面的优先性。句子作为话语的基本单元,并非只具工具论意义上的传达意义的功能。作为一个深受海德格尔存在论影响的解释学家,利科更在意挖掘话语之创生、革新意义的维度,更在意于揭示话语之重新描述现实、开启人之生存可能性的本质。利科从认识论、存在论角度,对隐喻话语与虚构文学文本之意义创新机制的解释,充分证实了这一点。

In Ricoeur＇s view, language exists only when it is used, and it is in discourses that human experiences can be talked about. Thus, a discourse is of existential priority to a language system. Moreover, the sentence, one of the basic units of a discourse, has more than merely instrumental functions of conveying meaning. Under the influence of Heidegger＇s existentialism, Ricoeur considers a hermeneutics concerning both the meaning innovation and essence of discourses that are able to either redescribe reality or reinitiate the possibilities of existence. This is epistemologically and ontologically supported by his interpretation of metaphorical discourses and explanation of the meaning innovation schemes of fictional literary texts.