社会救助如何才能减少贫困?--20世纪末至今的中国社会救助研究

How Can Social Assistance Alleviate Poverty: A literature Review of Researches on Social Assistance in China

尽管学术界普遍认同社会救助是反贫困的社会政策,但是关于社会救助如何才能反贫困却争论不休。本文建构了分析社会救助反贫困功能的研究框架,主要包括社会救助的瞄准效率、社会救助的保障水平、社会救助的功能定位三个方面(或步骤)。应用该分析框架,本文对我国主要的社会救助研究进行了文献梳理。以上分析框架基本上可以概括20世纪末期至今我国社会救助研究的主要成果,并呈现了我国社会救助研究的主要纷争。社会救助反贫困功能的发挥需要综合考虑瞄准效率、保障水平和功能定位等三个因素。

Although it is generally accepted that social assistance is a form of social policy designed for antipoverty, how social assistance achieve antipoverty is still under debate. This study put forward the research framework consisting of three aspects or procedures, i.e. targeting efficiency, guaranteed level, and policy orientation. This framework can summarize the main achievements of the research on social assistance from the end of 20 th century up to now in China and present scholars＇ main disputes on the topic as well. To increase the efficiency of antipoverty of social assistance, three factors—targeting efficiency, guaranteed level and policy orientation—should be taken into consideration.