坑道内温压炸药冲击波传播特性的试验研究

Experimental Study on Blast Wave Characteristic of Thermobaric Explosive inside Tunnel

为弄清温压炸药爆炸冲击波在坑道内的传播特性,考虑实际坑道口部特征,使用厚壁钢管和钢板加工了模型试验坑道。利用安装在模型坑道侧壁的压力传感器,分别实测了HMX基温压炸药和TNT口外爆炸时坑道内不同距离处的冲击波波形。通过对比分析,研究了该温压炸药冲击波波形及其参数在坑道内的传播特征。试验结果表明:温压炸药波形具有冲击波的典型特征,该温压炸药爆炸冲击波传播速度、超压峰值、正压持时和正向冲量均大于TNT,坑道深处其平均超压峰值、正压持时和正向冲量分别为TNT的1.19、1.31和1.53倍。利用坑道内冲击波传播的经验公式反推,得到试验用温压炸药爆炸冲击波超压峰值和正向冲量的平均等效TNT当量系数分别为1.79和1.99。表明该温压炸药冲击波比TNT具有更大的威力。

In order to make clear the propagation characteristics of shock wave of thermobaric explosive in the tunnel,the model test tunnel was processed by thick wall steel pipe and steel plate considering the characteristics of the actual tunnel mouth. Through pressure sensors installed on the side wall of the model tunnel,the shock waves at different distance in the tunnel were measured respectively when the HMX-based thermobaric explosive and the TNT were exploded at the tunnel entrance. Through comparison and analysis,the shock wave and its parameters in the tunnel were studied. The test results show that the waveform of thermobaric explosive has typical characteristics of shock wave. The propagation speed,the peak value of overpressure,the positive pressure and the positive impulse of the thermobaric explosive shock wave were all greater than those of TNT,and the overpressure peak,positive pressure holding time and positive impulse in the deep tunnel were 1. 19,1. 31 and 1. 53 times of TNT respectively. By using an empirical formula of blast wave propagation in tunnel,the average TNT equivalent coefficients of thermostatic explosive＇s explosion shock wave peak overpressure and forward impulse were 1. 79 and 1. 99 respectively,which showed that the shock wave of the thermostatic explosive was more powerful than TNT.