初中生风险决策表现的认知建模分析:自尊及性别的影响

Risky Decision Making of Adolescents in Junior High School with Cognitive Modelinganalysis:The Roles of Self-esteem and Gender

选取山东省某初中308名学生,采用爱荷华博弈任务,使用"效用-固着"模型对决策包含的动机、认知、反应心理过程进行认知建模分析,探究自尊水平和性别对初中生风险决策表现的影响。结果发现,初中生的风险决策表现不佳,对损失不敏感。在控制年级的影响后,分层回归分析表明:(1)自尊水平和性别对决策的动机过程的影响存在交互作用,男生无论自尊高低对收益都较为关注,女生中高自尊者更加关注收益。(2)决策成绩不存在显著的性别差异,但男生更多选择有着较高损失值的不利选项,而女生更多选择损失频率较低的有利选项。(3)自尊的影响主要体现在动机和认知过程,高自尊水平者在动机过程中更多表现出对损失的规避,在认知过程中更多地考虑维持之前的决策选择。

308 adolescents selected from a junior high school in Shandong province were investigated. Iowa Gambling Task（ IGT） was used as an assessment tool of risky decision making. The Value-Plus-Perseveration（ VPP） model was applied to decompose and quantify the three underlying psychological components,aka,motivational process,cognitive process,and responsive process in decision making. Gender difference,levels of self-esteem and the interactions between the two variables were examined. The results indicated that adolescents demonstrated bad performance in risky decision making and were insensitive to loss. With the grade of the students as the controlled variable,hierarchical regression analysis revealed that,（1） There was an interaction between gender and self-esteem on the motivational parameter representing the sensitivity to gains. For female adolescents,higher self-esteem led to more attention to gains.（2）Gender difference was not found in overall task performance,however,deck B with a high loss value was preferred by male students while female favored deck D which is an advantageous choice with lower frequency of loss.（3） The impact of self-esteem was found on the motivational and cognitive components. Students with high self-esteem showed more loss aversion in the motivational process and gave more weight to the perseverance strengths of the decks in the cognitive process.