豫北的棉花种植与农业商品化困境(1900-1937)

The Cotton Cultivation and Dilemma of Agricultural Commercialization in North Henan(1900-1937)

20世纪以来,豫北的棉花商品化生产有了一定增长,并形成了安阳和新乡两个专业产棉区。但是豫北的粮食总产不足以供应当地所需,而且尚未形成发达的粮食市场体系。粮食市场的低整合程度使得种棉的高利润无法有效解决粮食短缺问题,反而会危及粮食安全。因此多种粮食以自给或备荒显得尤为重要,利益的寻求让位于生存的需要。即使在政府的大力推广下,豫北的商品棉区始终集中在少数地区,无法进一步扩展,大多数地区的农业生产依然延续着自给自足的传统形态,陷于无法脱离传统桎梏的困境。

Since the 20 th century,the cotton cultivation had been expanded and the specialized cotton production areas such as Anyang and Xinxiang had been formed driven by the market force in North Henan.But the yield of grain was not enough for the people and there was not a developed grain market.Because of the disintegration of grain market,the higher profit of cotton couldn＇t resolve the food shortage.On the contrary,the cotton cultivation would endanger food security.So the grain production for self-sufficiency or against famine was important,and farmers paid more attention to survival than profit.Even the government devoted major efforts to developing cotton cultivation,and the commercial production of cotton concentrated was in a small number of areas and couldn＇t be developed broadly.Most farmers gave priority to grain production traditionally and they couldn＇t find a way out of the dilemma.