近代中国特殊教育师资培养之历史考察

A Historical Review of Teacher Training for Special Education in Modern China

近代中国特殊教育事业在多方共同努力之下取得了一定的发展成就。在师资培养方面,由外国传教士建立的北京瞽叟通文馆、烟台启喑学校、上海盲童学校,以及中国人自己创办的南通盲哑学校、北平盲哑学校、成都盲哑学校、南京盲哑学校等特殊教育机构,作出了十分重要的贡献。以这些机构为切入点进行考察,可以看到:近代中国的特殊教育师资培养,经历了一个由外国人主导到国人自办、由数量追求到质量提升、由传统特征到近代范式的转化过程。中国特殊教育及其教师群体基本实现了从无到有、由低到高、从依赖到独立、从传统到现代的发展历程。

In Modem China, some achievements were scored in special education with the endeavor of various social sectors. The schools established by foreign missionaries, such as Murray＇ s Blind School in Peking, School for Chinese Deaf Children in Chefoo and the Shanghai School for Blind Children, and the schools founded by the Chinese themselves, such as Nantong School for the Blind and Mute, Peiping School for the Blind and Dumb, Chengdu School for the Blind and Dumb and the Nanjing School for the Blind and Mute, made very important contributions to the teacher training of special education. Analyzing these institutions, we find that the training of special education experienced a process of transformation from foreign dominance to Chinese self-management, from quantity pursuit to quality improvement, and from traditional paradigm to modenl paradigm. Through this process, the special education in Modem China and the body of teachers basically achieved the development from scratch, from low level to high level, from dependence to in- dependence, and from tradition to modernity.