经阴道分娩产妇分娩体验影响因素的研究

Influencing factors of childbirth experience in women undergoing vaginal birth

目的了解产妇的经阴道分娩体验现状并分析其影响因素,以期为改进产前教育,改善产妇的分娩体验提供理论依据。方法采用产妇分娩体验问卷,对2017年9至12月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院,共241位经阴道分娩的产妇进行横断面调查,并进行分娩体验影响因素的单因素分析和多元线性回归分析。结果产妇年龄、职业、是否为独生子女、希望分娩方式、分娩次数、上次分娩方式、上次分娩距本次分娩的时间、是否接受过孕妇学校的课程、对经阴道分娩过程了解程度、对分娩感到焦虑或恐惧之间的分娩体验问卷(CEQ)得分进行比较结果有显著性差异(t/F值分别为3.43、2.42、3.04、5.06、5.29、2.74、2.92、2.76、10.78、23.82,均P<0.10)。多元线性回归分析显示:职业为技术人员、接受过孕妇学校课程、对经阴分娩过程的了解、对分娩感到焦虑或恐惧是影响经阴分娩产妇分娩体验的因素(t值分别为-2.53、1.39、3.70、-6.91,均P<0.10),可解释分娩体验总分变异系数的22.90%。结论产妇分娩体验较好,管理者应加强产前健康教育,减轻产妇的焦虑情绪,改善其分娩体验。

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of childbirth experience in women undergoing vaginal birth so as to provide theoretical base for improving prenatal education and maternal childbirth experience.Methods Totally241 women were investigated with childbirth experience questionnaire（CEQ）from September to December 2017 in a third-level grade A general hospital and third-level grade A specialized hospital with cross-sectional survey.Results Significant differences were found in scores of maternal age,occupation,whether being a only child,occupation,only child or not,expected way of delivery,number of births,way of last delivery,interval between present delivery and last delivery,whether participating in maternity schools,awareness of natural childbirth processes and anxiety or fear of childbirth（t/F value was 3.43,2.42,3.04,5.06,5.29,2.74,2.92,2.76,10.78,and 23.82,respectively,all P〈0.10）.Multiple liner regression analysis indicated that occupation of technician,participation in maternity schools,awareness of natural childbirth processes,and anxiety or fear of childbirth were factors influencing delivery experience（t value was-2.53,1.39,3.70 and-6.91,respectively,all P 0.10）,which could explain 22.90% of the variation in childbirth experience.Conclusion Maternal childbirth experience is good.Prenatal education should be strengthened to alleviate maternal anxiety and improve childbirth experience.