造血干细胞移植患者巨细胞病毒肺炎的诊治进展

Progress of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients

造血干细胞移植是血液系统恶性肿瘤的重要治疗方式。移植术后的患者因免疫功能低下及免疫重建缓慢易引起巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染及感染再激活。其中CMV肺炎是造血干细胞移植失败及患者死亡的重要原因。目前临床上没有药物能够明确改善预后。本文综述了CMV肺炎的流行病学、发病机制、诊断，并强调移植术后对CMV的DNA载量的严密监测，对疾病作出综合评估，实现早期预防及治疗，以期减少临床死亡事件的发生。

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important treatment for hematological malignancies. Post transplant patients are susceptible to cytomegalovirus infection and reactivation due to poor immune function and slow immunization. Among them, cytomegalovirus pneumonia is still an important cause of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation failure and mortality. At present, there are no drugs in the clinic that can definitely improve the prognosis. The article emphasizes strict monitoring of cytomegalovirus DNA load after transplantation, comprehensive assessment of disease, early prevention and treatment, in order to reduce mortality.