新疆发现契约文书与中古西域的契约实践

Contract Documents Found in Xinjiang and Contract Practice in Medieval Western Region

本文根据新疆发现的汉文及佉卢文、粟特文、于阗文、吐蕃文、回鹘文等契约文书,讨论了所涉契约行为的种类与立契范围、"胡语"契约文书的一般格式与特征、汉文契约文书的格式与"市券",以及有关的契约法则等问题。佉卢文、粟特文、于阗文等契约文书在格式和有关契约法则上存在着较多的相似性。唐代的汉文契约在格式和契约程式等上影响到了于阗文和吐蕃文等契约。它们反映了中古西域各族的契约实践。

This paper,based on the Chinese and other contractual documents discovered in Xinjiang,such as the Linlu,Sogdian,Yutian,Tibet and Uighur languages,discussed the types and scope of the contractual acts in relation,the general format and characteristics of the Hu language contractual documents,the format of the Chinese contractual documents and the market vouchers and the related contractual rules.There are many similarities in the form and relevant contract rules of the contract documents such as Linlu,Sogdian and Yutian.The Chinese contract in the Tang Dynasty affected the contracts in Yutian Script and Tibetan on their formats and contract procedures.They reflect the contract practice of various peoples in the western region of medieval times.