晋华宫矿煤矸石山植物群落分布特征及驱动因素

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Plant Communities and their Relevant Driving Factors in Coal Gangue Hill of Jinhuagong Mine

为明确煤矸石山植物群落分布特征及其环境驱动因素,以山西省大同市晋华宫矿自然恢复煤矸石山(恢复年限约50~60年)为研究对象,对该煤矸石不同部位植物群落的空间变化及土壤驱动因子进行了分析。结果表明,该煤矸石山共分布有9科14属18种植物,优势种为万年蒿,亚优势种为白茅、狗尾草和猪毛菜;煤矸石山不同部位间植物群落的生物量、密度和盖度差异均达到显著水平,植物总生产力、总盖度和总密度从煤矸石底部到顶部呈现逐渐降低的趋势,表明植物群落存在明显的空间变异;有机质是影响植物群落多样性及生产力的主要环境因子,土壤含水量、速效磷和AM真菌是影响植物群落的重要因素。相关结果可为今后煤矸石山的生态恢复提供理论参考。

To determine the spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities and their driving factors in coal gangue hill, we analyzed the spatial changes of plant community and soil driving factorsin the coal gangue hill（about50-60 years after natural recovery） of Jinhuagong Mine, Datong, Shanxi Province. The results showed that 18 species belonged to 14 genera of 9 families were discovered in the gangue hill. Artemisia sacrorum was the dominant species and distributed in each site, Imperata cylindrical, Setariaviridis and Salsolacollina were subdominant species and distributed in most sites. The significant differences in plant biomass, density, or coverage of plant communities were observed among different positions of coal gangue hill. The total plant productivity, coverage and density decreased gradually from the bottom to the top of gangue hill. There was obvious spatial variation in plant community of the gangue hill. Soil organic matter was the most important environmental factor influencing plant community diversity and productivity. Soil water content, available phosphorus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were also important factors influencing plant community. Observations can provide theorical reference for the future ecological restoration in coal gangue hill.