秸秆生物炭对葡萄园土壤改良效应及葡萄品质的影响

Influence of Straw Biochar on Vineyard Soil Improvement and Grape Quality

云南是我国长江以南重要的酿酒葡萄产地,其以红壤为主的葡萄园土壤粘度高、酸性强、养分含量偏低,制约了其葡萄酒品质的提高和规模的扩大。研究以秸秆生物炭为改良材料,设计常规施肥、生物炭+常规施肥2个处理的三年长期定位试验,研究了生物炭对葡萄园土壤改良、葡萄产量、品质三个方面的影响。结果表明:(1)施用秸秆生物炭能使葡萄园土壤容重降低9.40%,土壤含水量增加35.37%;(2)葡萄园土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量随秸秆生物炭施用年份延长而逐年增加;(3)施用生物炭的第二年和第三年,葡萄产量分别增加了11.74%和20.07%;葡萄的总酸含量降低了6.30%和10.34%,总糖含量和糖酸比分别提高了6.29%和10.34%、13.51%和25.04%。可见将秸秆生物质炭应用于南方葡萄园土壤改良效果明显,具有一定推广前景。

Yunnan is an important produceareaof wine-grape in the south of the Yangtze River in China, where the Red Soilas the main soil type had the characteristics of high viscosity, strong acidity and low nutrient content, which restrictsthe improvement of wine quality and scale.The effects of straw biochar as a modified material on the improvement of vineyard soil, grape yield and qualitywere studied in a three-year experiment station under the treatments of the conventional fertilization and biochar combined withconventional fertilization. The results showed that：（1） The application of biochar reduced the soil bulk density by 9.40% and increased soil moisture content by 35.37%in the vineyard;（2） The contents of organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in the vineyard increased with the years of the application of straw biochar;（3） Afterthe second and third year of applying biochar, the yields of grape increased by 11.74% and 20.07%, respectively,the total acid contents of grapes decreased by 6.30%and 10.34%, and the total sugar contents and sugar to acid ratios of grape increased by 6.29% and 10.34%, 13.51%and 25.04%, respectively. Therefore, the application of straw biochar has the significantimprovementfor the southern vineyard soil and it is worth of promotion.