大汶口文化束发器作用新探

A New Exploration about Shufaqi of the Dawenkou Culture

一般认为,大汶口文化的束发器是一种装饰品,集中分布于鲁中南,而其他地区则较为零星。束发器形制的探讨明确了其发展历程。束发器不做平时佩戴、为少数人拥有、性别和年龄区分不显著、作为大汶口文化鲁中南类型的标识之一等特征,表明束发器不应是单纯的装饰品。通过引入文献学和民族学材料作进一步讨论,束发器应是当时猪神祈雨的象征,祈雨的主体便是巫觋。束发器应是巫觋的标识和通天的神器,而其产生的机制则是农业经济的发展与家猪饲养的兴盛。

It is generally believed that Shufaqi of the Dawenkou culture is an ornament distributing centrally in central and southern Shandong Province and being scattered in other areas. Through the discussion on the shape of the Shufaqi,its development path is clear. Shufaqi＇s various features, for example, no wearing usually, possessed by few people, and no significant distinction in the gender and age, and as one of the signs of southern Shandong Province of Dawenkou culture,indicate that Shufaqi was not a pure ornament. Through the introduction of philology and ethnological materials for further discussion, Shufaqi should be symbolic of swine to pray for rain and represent identity of the witch and the artifact of communication with God. The mechanism of Shufaqi is the development of agricultural economy and the rise of domestic swine breeding.