三门峡水库高含沙洪水的排沙特性研究

Study on the Characteristics of Sediment Release of Hyper-concentrated Flood in Sanmenxia Reservoir

水库排沙是减少水库淤积、维持库容的必要措施。在三门峡水库运用的各个时期,高含沙洪水的不同排沙特性对水库淤积和冲刷产生了显著影响。在总结1961—2013年潼关水文站95场高含沙洪水特点的基础上,分析了1961—1969年三门峡水库运用初期22场高含沙洪水壅水排沙特点和1974—2013年38场高含沙洪水的畅泄排沙特点,提出了高含沙洪水的壅水排沙比计算式和畅泄排沙出库输沙率计算式。结果表明,壅水排沙比与考虑水库初始蓄水体和洪水过程蓄水体变化的滞留时间综合因子之间关系密切,畅泄排沙出库输沙率与水沙因子成正比关系。研究三门峡水库高含沙洪水的排沙特点,可为小浪底水库等多沙河流水库的运用提供借鉴。

Sediment release is neeessary to reduce reservoir siltation and maintain the storage eapacity of reservoir. The characteristics of sediment release of hyper-eoncentrated flood employed in Sanmenxia Reservoir have an evident effect on reservoir siltation and scouring. Based on the summary of the feature of 95 high sediment laden floods in Tongguan in the 1961 -2013 years, this paper analyses the characteristics of sediment release in different operated condition and period, including 22 high sediment laden floods on backwater condition in the early period of the 1961 - 1969 years of the application of the Sanmenxia Reservoir and 38 high sediment laden floods on reservoir emptying condition in the period of 1974 - 2013. It puts forward the calculations of the sediment release ratio in the backwater and the sediment deliverT rate of outlet when emptying the reservoir. The results show： the sediment release ration in the backwater has some kinship with coefficient of residence time with consideration of reservoir initial storage and changes of storage in flood; the sediment deliverT rate of outlet when emptying the reservoir has a direct ratio relation with water-sediment factor. The study on the characteristics of sediment release of hyper-eoncentrated flood in Sanmenxia Reservoir will provide reference for sandy river reservoir, such as Xiaolangdi Reservoir.