城市供水干旱预警与应急调度研究

Research on Drought Warning and Emergency Dispatching of Urban Water Supply

针对城市供水开展预警工作,可及时发现未来时段供水存在的安全隐患,并及早采取预防措施,可最大限度地保障城市供水的安全与稳定。在合理确定预警等级与预警指标的基础上,将水源供水能力可以满足用水户正常用水需求的时间作为预警标准,开展了城市供水干旱预警研究;采用限制供水措施作为城市供水干旱应急调度的策略,制定了不同预警等级下城市水源实际供水量占其用水户正常用水量的比例,开展了城市供水干旱应急调度研究。结果表明:通过划定城市水源供水预警线,可及时预报城市供水干旱险情;而通过制定不同预警等级下城市水源实际供水量占其用水户正常用水量的比例,可有效指导城市供水工作安全平稳地度过干旱期;采用预警与应急调度相结合的方式可有效保障城市供水安全。

Conducting early warning work for urban water supply can promptly identify- potential safety- hazards in the future water supply, and take preventive measures as soon as possible to maximally ensure the safety and stability of urban water supply. On the basis of reasonably determining the warning levels and indicators, this paper takes the period that the water supply capacity can meet the nor- mal demand of water users as the warning standards, and carries out research on drought warning of urban water supply. Then the water restriction measures as strategies for drought emergency dispatch of urban water supply are proposed, the ratios of actual water supply of urban water sources to the normal water consumption of the water users at different warning levels are fommlated, and a study on drought emergency dispatch of urban water supply is conducted. The results show that the drought of urban water supply can be forecasted in a timely manner by delineating water supply warning lines for urban water sources; the urban water supply can be effectively guided to work safely and steadily through the dry period by formating the ratios of actual water supply of urban water sources to the normal water consumption of the water users at different warning levels; the combination of early warning and emergency dispatch can effectively ensure the safety of urban water supply.