0至3岁婴幼儿轮状病毒感染流行病学特点及危险因素

Epidemilological characteristies and risk factors of infants aged 0-3 years with rotavirus infection

目的探究0~3岁婴幼儿轮状病毒(RV)感染的流行病学特点及相关危险因素。方法以2015年1月至2017年7月广东省农垦中心医院儿科住院并确诊的50例0~3岁轮状病毒感染腹泻患儿为研究对象,同时选取50例健康儿童作为对照组,对轮状病毒感染者的流行病学指标进行描述。采用针对本研究自制调查表对患者基本信息、生活习惯和生活行为进行调查,通过单因素和多因素统计学方法分析导致RV感染的危险因素。结果描述统计学发现RV引起的腹泻于5~7月份和11~12月份为高月份,相对应季节分别为夏季和冬季,在RV感染引起的不同年龄段和性别腹泻患儿数量差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.622、0.519,P=0.419、0.617),不同分子类型RV感染所致腹泻临床症状差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.011、0.219、0.948、0.628、0.435,P=0.315、0.640、0.330、0.428、0.509);按时接种疫苗(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.21~0.84)、良好洗手习惯(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.19~6.48)和母亲喂奶前洗手行为(OR=0.45、95%CI:0.21~0.93)均为患儿感染RV腹泻的保护因素,而小儿吮手指习惯(OR=3.37,95%CI:1.58~6.21)、腹泻患者接触史(OR=2.95,95%CI:1.87~4.05)及食用生冷不洁食物(OR=2.53,95%CI:1.09~8.75)为危险因素。结论 0~3岁婴幼儿RV感染所致腹泻全年均可发生,夏、冬季节为高发季节,按时接种疫苗、良好洗手习惯、纠正小儿吮手指习惯、不与腹泻患者接触及不食用生冷不洁食物可降低RV感染的发生。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of infants aged 0-3 years with rotavirus infection. Methods From January 2015 to July 2017, a total of 50 children with rotavirus diarrhea（0-3 years old） diagnosed by pediatric inpatients in Nongken Central Hospital were enrolled, while 50 cases of healthy children were collected as control group, the epidemiology of rotavirus infection of patients were described. The patient＇s basic information, living habits and life behavior on the self-made questionnaire survey, through univariate and multivariate statistical methods which could be used as a risk factor for rotavirus infection were analyzed. Results Descriptive statistics was found that diarrhea caused by rotavirus occurred in infants aged 4-6 months and 11-12 months, mainly in summer and winter, and there was no significant differences in the number of children with diarrhea caused by rotavirus among different ages and genders（χ^2 = 0.622, 0.519; P = 0.419, 0.617）, also no significant differences among clinical symtoms of diarrhea caused by different molecular types of rotavirus（χ^2 = 1.011, 0.219, 0.948, 0.628, 0.435; P = 0.315, 0.640, 0.330, 0.428, 0.509）. Timely vaccination（OR = 0.52, 95%CI： 0.21-0.84）, good hand washing habits（OR = 0.35, 95%CI： 0.19-6.48） and hand washing behavior before feeding（OR = 0.45, 95%CI： 0.21-0.93） were protective factors for children with rotavirus diarrhea, while finger sucking habits（OR = 3.37, 95%CI： 1.58-6.21）, history of contact with diarrhea children（OR = 2.95, 95%CI： 1.87-4.05）, exposure to food and cold unclean food（OR = 2.53, 95%CI： 1.09-8.75） were the risk factors. Conclusions Children with diarrhea（0-3 years old） caused by rotavirus infection could occur throughout the year, mainly in summer and winter. Inoculation on time, good hand hygiene, without finger sucking habits and contaction with diarrhea patients, and eating raw or cold food could bring down RV infection.