量刑情节并存时的适用根据与方法——兼评《量刑指导意见(2017)》中的同向相加、逆向相减方法

Applicable Basis and Method for Coexistence of Sentencing——Comment on the Method of Synchronizing and Inverse Subtracting in Sentencing Guidance(2017)

数个量刑情节在同一刑事案件中,既可能是同向并存,也可能是逆向并存。责任刑与预防刑之间不存在绝对的比例关系,应当分开考量,这是报应与预防的关系决定的。量刑情节的"适用根据"是其"适用方法"的前提和基础,主要有三:刑罚的目的、实体刑法之有利于被告原则和罪刑均衡原则。报应刑最主要的是通过犯罪事实所确定的基准刑反映出来,预防刑的大小完全取决于量刑情节。对于若干同向情节调节基准刑,直接按照相加的方法即可,只是相加的结果不能超过报应刑的上限。对于若干逆向情节调节基准刑,应当按照先适用轻情节(法定与酌定轻情节)后适用重情节的顺序。

Several sentencing plots may be co-existent or reverse in the same criminal case. There is no absolute proportional relationship between liability and prevention, which should be con- sidered separately. This is determined by the relationship between retribution and prevention. The ＂applicable basis＂ of the sentencing plot is the premise and basis of its ＂applicable method＂. There are mainly three ： the purpose of penalty, the principle of benefiting the defendant in the substantive criminal law, and the principle of balance between crime and punishment. The most important thing in retributive punishment is reflected in the benchmark penalties determined by the facts of the crime. The size of the punishment for prevention depends entirely on the circumstances of the meas- urement. For the adjustment of benchmark punishments for some of the same plots, the method of addition can be directly followed, but the result of the addition cannot exceed the upper limit of retribution. For the punishment of several counter-circumstance adjustment benchmarks, the sequence of heavy plots should be followed in light of the circumstances （legal and discretionacy）.