城乡基础教育服务均等化的影响因素与机制研究——以汕头为例

Influential Factors and Mechanism Analysis of Equalization of Urban and Rural Basic Education Service:A Case Study of Shantou City

通过对汕头市城乡基础教育服务均等化发展历史与现状的考查发现,城乡基础教育服务均等化并非仅仅受到财政资源投入的影响。政府对公共服务事项的关注程度,常住人口的分布以及公共服务资源的布局状况,均在一定程度上对城乡基础教育服务均等化产生影响。在厘清上述影响因素的基础上,本文对城乡基础教育服务均等化的影响机制进行了归纳。总体而言,政府偏好选择因素与客观资源约束因素共同作用,形成影响城乡基础教育服务供给及其均等化水平的制度机制。因此提升城乡基础教育服务均等化水平,需要从政府公共政策议程之始予以重视,其次调动财政资金予以保障,其后需要对客观资源的布局进行合理调配以形成人口与资源分布的良好对接,如此安排方能从制度机制层面有效促进城乡基础教育服务均等化水平的有效提升。

Through the investigation of the history/and current situation of the equalization of urban and rural basic education services in Shantou City, it is found that the equalization of urban and rural basic education services is not only affected by the investment of financial resources. The government＇s concern about public service matters, the distribution of permanent residents and the distribution of public service resources all affect to some extent the equalization of public services. On the basis of clarifying the above factors, this paper summarizes the impact mechanism of the equalization of basic public services. In general, government preferences and objective resource constraints work together to form institutional mechanisms that affect the supply of public services and their equalization. Therefore, to raise the level of equalization of basic public services needs to be given priority from the beginning of the government＇s public policy agenda. Secondly, the mobilization of financial funds should be ensured. Then the distribution of objective resources needs to be rationally allocated to form a good match between population and resource distribution. From the system and mechanism level can effectively promote the level of equalization of basic public services significantly improved.