植物诱抗剂对尿素氮利用率和小麦产量的影响

Effects of Plant Inducer on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Urea and Wheat Yield

为研究植物诱抗剂配伍尿素和控释尿素对小麦产量及构成因素、氮肥利用率和土壤养分的影响,通过对尿素包膜(CRU)、包膜尿素配施诱抗剂(CRUR)、尿素配施植物诱抗剂(UR)的处理方式,进行了小麦大田试验,以尿素(U)和无氮(CK)处理为对照,共设置5个处理。结果表明:(1)尿素配施诱抗剂处理的小麦产量和氮肥利用率比尿素处理显著提高23.6%和10.1个百分点,纯收益显著增加3 269元/hm2。(2)CRUR处理较CRU处理小麦产量和氮肥利用率显著增加14.5%和12.4个百分点,纯收益显著提高2 361元/hm2;比UR处理显著提高16.3%和11.9个百分点,纯收益增加2 446元/hm2。(3)在小麦拔节期即氮肥最大效率期,CRUR处理的土壤硝态氮含量比CRU处理显著增加29.5%,比UR处理显著增加88.2%;CRUR处理的土壤铵态氮含量比UR处理显著提高34.4%。控释尿素配施植物诱抗剂可实现两者协同增效,显著提高小麦生育关键期土壤氮素供应强度、产量、氮肥利用率和纯收益,为促生型缓控释肥料的研发与应用提供依据。

In order to study the influence of urea and controlled-release urea combined with plant inducer on the wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）yields,nitrogen use efficiency and soil nutrients,a field experiment was designed with five treatments,which were controlled-release urea（CRU）,controlled-release urea combined with plant inducer（CRUR）,urea added plant inducer（UR）,urea（U）and no nitrogen（CK）treatments as the control.The results showed：（1）Wheat yield of UR was significantly increased by 23.6%,the nitrogen use efficiency was improved by 10.1%,and the net income was significantly increased by 3 269 Yuan per hectare,compared with U.（2）Wheat yield of CRUR was significantly increased by 14.5%,the nitrogen use efficiency improved by 12.4% and net income was significantly increased by 2 361 Yuan per hectare,compared with UR.Wheat yield of CRUR was significantly increased by 16.3%,the nitrogen use efficiency was improved by 11.9% and net income was significantly increased by 2 446 Yuan per hectare,compared with CRU.（3）During the maximum nitrogen use efficiency period of wheat growth,soil nitrate content of CRUR was significantly increased by 29.5% compared with CRU,but increased by 88.2% compared with UR.Soil ammonium content of CRUR was significantly increased by 34.4% compared with UR.These findings indicated that CRUR could achieve synergistic effects,increase the wheat yield,nitrogen use efficiency,net income and soil available nutrient supply intensity.Then,the research results could provide reference for the development and application of slow and controlled-release fertilizer combined with plant inducers.