医务人员血源性职业暴露相关因素调查分析

Related factors for bloodborne occupational exposure among health care workers

目的了解医务人员血源性暴露现状及相关因素,为做好职业防护工作提供科学、有效依据。方法对2012年1月-2016年12月医务人员发生血源性职业暴露相关情况及数据进行统计分析。结果共计143名医务人员发生职业暴露,护士比例最高,占58.74%,其次为医生,占25.87%,女性及工龄≤10年的医务人员更易发生职业暴露;发生暴露的环节以锐器伤为主,其中注射及拔针时发生率最高,占45.45%,其次是回针帽,占16.08%;暴露地点主要是病房、治疗室、手术室;暴露源以乙型肝炎为主,共67例,占46.85%,暴露源不明的有36例,占25.17%。结论应加强对医务人员职业防护教育及培训,规范日常操作、实施科学防护,使用安全器具,做好暴露后应急处置,减少血源性职业暴露带给医务人员的伤害。

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status pf bloodborne occupational exposure among the health care workers and analyze the related factors so as to provide scientific and effective basis for prevention of the occupational exposure.METHODS From Jan 2012 to Dec 2016,the incidence of bloodborne occupational exposure in the health care workers was investigated,and the statistical analysis of data was performed.RESULTS Of total 143 health care workers who had the occupational exposure,the nurses were dominant,accounting for 58.74%,followed by the doctors（25.87%）.The female health care works and those with no less than 10 years of experience tended to have the occupational exposure.The sharp injury was the major exposure link,the incidence of the exposure was the highest（45.45%）when the injection and removal of needles were performed,and the incidence of the exposure was 16.08% when the needles were recapped.Ward,treatment room and operating room were the leading exposure sites.Hepatitis B was the major exposure source,totally 67 cases had hepatitis B,accounting for46.85%;36 health care workers had unknown exposure sources,accounting for 25.17%.CONCLUSIONIt is necessary to strengthen the education and training for occupational protection of the health care workers,standardize the daily operations,carry out scientific protection,appropriately use instrument and conduct the emergency treatment when the exposure happens so as to reduce the harms of the bloodborne occupational exposure to the health care workers.