农村老年人老化态度现状及影响因素研究

Study on the status and influencing factors of attitudes to aging of the elderly in rural areas

目的了解农村老年人老化态度现状及影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法采用老化态度量表、怀旧感量表及自我效能量表对湖南省石门县农村313名老年人进行调查。结果农村老年人老化态度、怀旧感与自我效能总得分分别为66.95±11.85、44.63±5.59、19.37±6.65,老化态度与怀旧感及自我效能呈正相关(均P<0.01);年龄、自认健康状况、务农程度、怀旧感及自我效能是老化态度的主要影响因素(调整R2=0.653;P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论农村老年人老化态度、怀旧感及自我效能处于偏低水平;应加强对农村老年人的关注,提高其积极怀旧感及自我效能,促进老化态度积极正向化,尤其应重点关注高龄、身体状况欠佳、务农较重者。

Objective To investigate the status of attitudes to aging in the elderly in rural areas and analyze the influencing factors.Methods A total of 313 elderly people in rural areas of Shimen county,Changde city,Hunan province were investigated by using a demographic questionnaire,the Attitude Aging Questionnaire,Nostalgia Scale and General Self-efficacy Scale.Results The elderly people in rural areas scored（66.95±11.85）points on attitudes to aging,（44.63±5.59）points on nostalgia,and（19.57±6.65）points on self-efficacy respectively.There was a positive correlation between attitudes to aging and nostalgia,and between attitudes to aging and self-efficacy in the rural elderly（P〈0.01 for both）.Age,self-rated health status,involvement in farm work,nostalgia and self-efficacy could predict attitudes to aging of the rural elderly（adjusted R^2=0.653,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.Conclusion Attitudes to aging,sense of nostalgia,and self-efficacy of the rural elderly are at a low level.We should pay more attention to the rural elderly,take measures to improve their positive feelings of nostalgia and self-efficacy,so as to help them foster positive attitude towards aging.Those who have advanced ages,poor health status,and are heavily involved in farm work,should need special attention.