日本的战争与和平博物馆展示中的“南京”

"Nanjing" Presented in the Japanese Museums of War and Peace

通过分析日本的战争与和平博物馆中展示的"南京",可以理解战后日本民众对南京大屠杀的认知,阐释战后日本民众战争观、和平观的思想内涵,建构日本社会战争记忆形成的社会结构。战争与和平博物馆是展示和构建战争记忆的场所,通过展示,重新构建历史的脉络并赋予意义的同时,给参观者提供体验的空间,使历史的叙事与个人的体验在这样的空间中不断交互作用。本文在介绍游就馆、长崎冈正治纪念和平资料馆、大阪国际和平中心、广岛和平纪念资料馆展览中有关"南京"内容的基础上,分析日本社会围绕"南京"而出现的动向。从和平人类学的视角,剖析博物馆展示中各方力量交涉的背景以及对于展览的影响,进而阐释日本社会对南京大屠杀历史的认知现状,探讨日本民众的战争观、和平观。

By analyzing "Nanjing" presented in the Japanese museums of war and peace, one could understand the post-war Japanese public cognition of the Nanjing Massacre, illustrate the ideological connotation of their view of both war and peace, and construct the social structure formed by the war memories of the Japanese society. Those museums of war and peace are sites to display and construct war memories. Through the exhibition and reconstruction of the historical contexts with new significance, it provides a space for visitors to experience, enabling the constant interactions between the historical narrative and personal experiences within such a space. Based on the introductions of "Nanjing" in Yushukan Museum of Yasukuni Shrine,Oka Masaharu Memorial,Nagasaki Peace Museum, Osaka International Peace Center and Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, this article analyzed the trend of Japanese society centering on "Nanjing". From the perspective of peace anthropology, it dissected the backgrounds of all forces reflected by the exhibitions and the effect on the exhibition contents, and further interpreted the current social cognition of the Japanese society towards the history of the Nanjing Massacre as well as to explore the Japanese public view of war and peace.