江西珍稀濒危植物的地理分布差异

The Geographic Distribution Differences of Rare and Endangered Plants in Jiangxi Province

以江西省三清山、武夷山、井冈山、南岭和庐山的维管束植物名录为基础,依据《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》、《中国物种红色名录》、《IUCN濒危物种红色名录》、《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》和《江西省重点保护野生植物名录》,统计5个山地的野生珍稀濒危植物作为江西省珍稀濒危植物,对种类组成、地理成分及空间分布进行分析。结果表明:江西珍稀濒危植物有78科、208属、422种。物种丰度指数是西部井冈山>南部南岭>东部武夷山和三清山>北部庐山;保护等级是国家保护植物主要集中于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级或易危、近危(低危)物种,地方保护植物集中在Ⅰ级、Ⅲ级,Ⅱ级占有较大比例。科水平上武夷山与南岭最相似,属和种水平上三清山与武夷山最相似。东西部地理成分差异较小,南北部差异较大。东部、北部植物区系地理成分偏向温带;西部、南部偏向热带。垂直分布主要集中在常绿林和常绿与落叶阔叶混交林中。井冈山、武夷山和南岭地区的兰科植物区系丰富,地理成分复杂,植物定名的原始标本多样,可成为江西省重点保护植物分布的热点地区或关键地区。

Basis on vascular plants list of Sanqingshan,Wuyishan,Jinggangshan,Nanling and Lushan Mountion,according to China rare and endangered protective plants list,China species red list,IUCN endangered species red list,convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora（ appendicesⅡ） and Jiangxi Province key protected wild plants list,statistical total quantity of the rare and endangered wild plants of five mountains is as a research object of Jiangxi Province. the species composition,geographic elementes and spatial distribution situation are analyzed. The results show that there are 78 families,208 genera,422 species in Jiangxi Province. The species richness index is that species of the west region（ Jinggangshan） is more than the south region（ Nanling）,species of nanling is more than the east region（ Wuyishan and Sanqingshan）,species of Wuyishan and Sanqingshan is more than north region（ Lushan）. protection class is that the national protected wild plants are mainly concentrate on Ⅱand Ⅲ protected class or vulnerable and near threatened（ lower risk） species,Jiangxi Province key protected wild plants are mainly concentrate on Ⅰprotected class,secondly Ⅲ protected class,Ⅱprotected class is to occupy larger proportion. Family flora is the most similarity between Wuyishan and Nanling Mountion,genus and species floras are the most similarity between sanqingshan and wuyishan mountion. Geographic elementes difference is less in the east and west region,which is larger in the south and north region. Tropical elementes is more than temperate elementes in the east and north region,temperate elementes is more than tropical elementes in the west and south region. The species are mainly distribute in evergreen broadleaf forest and evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest in the vertical range. There are rich orchid,geographic elementes complexity and various original herbariums of denominating species in Jinggangshan,Wuyishan and Nanling Mountion,the mountains may become hotspot or key area of Jiangxi Province key protected wild plants.