厦门市60岁及以上老年人认知功能状况及与看电视时长的关系分析

Association between TV watching time and the cognitive functions among the elderly aged 60 years and above in Xiamen City

目的 调查厦门市60岁及以上老年人认知功能状况,并分析看电视时长与老年人认知功能的关系.方法 于2016年7—10月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法,选取3 230名60岁及以上的厦门市户籍老人进行问卷调查,运用蒙特利尔认知量表（MoCA）进行认知功能评估.采用有序logistic回归模型分析看电视时长与认知功能的关系.结果 最终纳入分析的2 944名研究对象为年龄（70.14± 7.81）岁,其中男性1 516名（51.49%）.认知功能总体得分为（18.65±6.43）分,其中定向力、记忆力、视空功能、执行功能、注意、语言能力维度得分分别为（5.43±1.17）、（2.33±1.95）、（1.80±1.52）、（1.66± 1.20）、（4.54±1.71）、（4.09±1.64）分.与看电视时长为〉0且≤2 h/d的研究对象相比,不看电视者各个维度认知功能得分均较低,记忆力、视空功能、执行功能、注意力、语言能力、定向力维度及总体的OR （95%CI）值分别为0.68（0.48-0.96）、0.67（0.47-0.96）、0.48（0.34-0.67）、0.56（0.41-0.77）、0.45（0.33-0.62）、0.52（0.37-0.73）、0.50（0.35-0.71）;看电视时长为〉2且≤4 h/d的研究对象执行功能、注意力、语言能力、定向力维度及总体得分较高,OR（95%CI）值分别为1.20（1.02-1.41）、1.41（1.19-1.67）、1.51（1.28-1.77）、1.33（1.08-1.64）、1.24（1.05-1.47）.结论 厦门市60岁及以上老年人中看电视时长为〉2且≤4 h/d者认知功能较好.

Objective To explore the cognitive functions of the elderly aged 60 years and above in Xiamen, and whether TV watching time would affect those functions. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 3 230 registered individuals aged 60 years and above in Xiamen from July to October in 2016 with a multi-stage random sampling method. Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA） was used to measure cognitive functions and ordinal logistic regression was used to quantify their associations with TV watching time. Results A total of 2 944 respondents were included in this study. The overall age of them was （70.14±7.81） years. 51.49% （n=1 516） of all participants were men. Overall, the mean scores of MoCA in general and each subdomain cognitive function were 18.65±6.43 （general）, 5.43±1.17 （orientation）, 2.33±1.95 （memory）, 1.80±1.52 （visuospatial）, 1.66±1.20 （executive）, 4.54±1.71 （attention）, and 4.09±1.64 （language）. Compared to those who watched TV no more than 2 hours per day, the elderly who did not watch TV had a worse performance in general, orientation, memory, visuospatial, executive, attention, language function, with OR （95%CI ） values about 0.50 （0.35-0.71）, 0.52 （0.37-0.73）, 0.68 （0.48-0.96）, 0.67 （0.47-0.96）, 0.48 （0.34-0.67）, 0.56 （0.41-0.77） and 0.45 （0.33-0.62）, respectively. As to respondents who watched TV more than 2 hours but no more than 4 hours per day, they had a better performance in general, executive, attention, language, and orientation function with respective OR （95%CI ） values about 1.24 （1.05-1.47）, 1.20 （1.02-1.41）, 1.41 （1.19-1.67）, 1.51 （1.28-1.77） and 1.33 （1.08-1.64）. Conclusion The elderly aged 60 years and above in Xiamen City with TV watching time between 2 and 4 hours per day had a good performance in cognitive functions compared to those with more or less TV watching time.