社会接触模式与传染病传播的研究进展

Progress on the research of social contact pattern and infectious diseases transmission

社会接触是指社会生活中人与人之间的联系。人群的社会接触模式往往存在一定规律，深入研究这些规律，可以建立精准传播模型，为经飞沫或接触传播的传染病防控提供科学依据。本文就社会接触的研究方法、规律及其对传染病传播的影响进行分析和总结，认为当前社会接触的研究方法主要包括直接观察法、日记法及电子近距离传感法，而人群的社会接触模式在接触时间、接触地点及接触对象等多个维度均存在规律。此外，人群社会接触模式相关规律还可应用于传染病的传播建模和干预措施的效果评价，为相关部门的预防工作开展提供有力依据。

The pattern of social contact that the connection exists between people in social life tends to have certain rules. Hence, studying the laws of social contact of the population can improve the accuracy of modeling infectious diseases and provide scientific evidences for the spreading and intervention of infectious diseases transmitted by droplets or contact. This paper is a review that summarizes the current research methods of social contact pattern, the law of social contact and its significance to the spreading and prevention of infectious diseases. It finds that the survey methods of social contact mainly include direct observation, contact diaries and proximity sensors and the social contact patterns show regularities in multiple dimensions such as contact time, contact location and contact objects. Moreover, these regularities relevant to social contact patterns can apply to the mathematical model of infectious diseases and the evaluation of the effect of interventions, which provide the effective basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.