“大跃进”时期上海街道工业的定位与转型

The Orientation and Transformation of Shanghai Street Industries During the Great Leap Forward

上海街道工业之所以能够在"大跃进"期间迅速崛起,关键在于其灵活多变的特性可以满足对大工业拾遗补缺、零星加工以及部分突击生产的要求。随着城市人民公社化运动的发展,上海街道工业作为城市人民公社的重要产业,达到了它的鼎盛时期。但是,由于在所有制性质上的天然劣势,上海街道工业始终未能获得较优的资源配置。一旦其突破"为大工业服务"的定位,出现扩大自产自销、抢购物资、长途运销等自主经营形态,就会被视作扰乱计划经济的"资本主义经营"倾向而遭制止。在"大跃进"和城市人民公社化运动止步以后,它也最先成为被改组和调整的对象。

Shanghai street industries emerged during this period of the Great Leap Forward because their flexibility and versatile characteristics satisfied the special requirements of serving large industries and making up for sperad- ie processing and partial industrial production. With the development of the urban people＇ s commune movement, Shanghai street industries reached their peak as an important industry in the urban people＇ s communes. Howev- er, due to their natural ownership disadvantages, Shanghai street industries could never achieve a better allocation of resources. Once they broke through the positioning of ＂serving large industries, ＂ the emergence of self-produc- tion, the expansion of self-sales, panic-buying of goods, long-distance transportation, and other independent bus- iness forms became prohibited ＂capitalist forms of management＂ that disrupted the planned economy. After the Great Leap Forward and the urban people＇ s commune movement, Shanghai street industries were the first to be reorganized and adjusted.