环境犯罪的独立性和体系性建构

On the Construction of Independence and System of Environmental Crime

环境犯罪的独立性意味着环境犯罪有自己的独立品格,在刑法评价上是不受其他犯罪制约的一种状态;环境犯罪的体系性意味着环境犯罪是一个由多个具体犯罪构成的体系。建构环境犯罪的独立性和体系性的现实意义主要表现为,回应生态文明建设的政治目标,有效治理环境犯罪,实现环境犯罪治理的法治化以及回应生态法法域的形成。从立法体例上看,环境犯罪的独立性更倾向于单行刑法与附属刑法相结合的立法体例。在法典化的立法体例下,基于环境犯罪在危害结果上的特殊性,应当将该类犯罪从"节"犯罪提升为"章"犯罪,并设置于危害公共安全罪之后,表述为"污染环境和破坏生态罪",内容包括污染环境的犯罪和破坏生态的犯罪两大类。前者既需要对污染环境罪进行分解,也需要增加新的犯罪类型,后者不仅需要增加新的犯罪类型,而且需要设立整体意义上的破坏生态罪。

The independence of environmental crime means that the environmental crime has its own independent character,and the evaluation to it in criminal law is not restricted by other crimes.The system of environmental crime means that the crime is a system composed of many specific crimes.The realistic significance of constructing the independence and system of environmental crime is to respond to the political objectives of constructing ecological civilization,govern environmental crime effectively,realize the legalization of environmental crime governance and respond to the formation of ecological law system.From the perspective of legislative style,the independence of environmental crime is more inclined to the legislative style of combining single penal law with subsidiary penal law.Under the legislative style of the codification,based on the particularity of environmental crime in endangered result,the crime should be promoted from ＂section＂crime to＂chapter＂crime,arranged after the crime of endangering public security and expressed as ＂the crime of polluting environment and destroying ecology＂,namely,two major categories：the crime of polluting environment and the crime of destroying ecology.The former asks for the decomposing of the crime of polluting environment and the increase of the new specific crimes.The latter requires both the increase of the new type of crime and the setting up of the crime of destroying ecology in the whole sense.