高校退学制度的历史演进及价值嬗变

The Historical Evolution and Value Transmutation of the Drop-out System in Higher Education Institutions

新中国成立以来,高校退学制度经历了初创、发展和完善三个阶段,退学事由从繁至简,定型为学业不达标、复学未申请或审查不合格、疾病伤残、缺席教学活动、未按期注册、本人申请等;而退学程序从简至繁,建立了学校退学决定与申诉机构,明确了申诉时效、申诉时限以及校外申诉处理类型等。这些变化反映了退学制度由＂国家需要＂向＂学生权利＂,＂政府教育管理权＂向＂高校办学自主权＂,＂重实体、轻程序＂向＂轻实体、重程序＂,＂有法可依＂向＂科学立法＂的价值变迁趋势。为此,未来高校退学制度建设应该着力于健全退学机构、创新退学制度内容以及保障退学权合法行使等,不断提升依法依章程治校水平。

Since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, the drop-out system in higher education institutions has gone through three stages： start-up, development and improvement. The standards of college students＇ drop-outs are from complex to simple,such as academic performance below standards, failure to apply for re-entry when suspension is expired, or unqualified expiration of suspension, students ＇ illness or disability,failure to participate in teaching activities for weeks, failure to register on schedule, students ＇ voluntary drop-out etc. However, the procedures of dropout system are from simple to complicated, which establishes the system of drop-out decision and appeal, and clarifies the prescription of appeal, the time limit of appeal and the types of extramural appeals. These changes profoundly reflect the value of drop-out system has evolved from the ＂ national needs＂ to ＂ student rights ＂,from ＂ government education authority ＂ to ＂ university autonomy ＂,from ＂ heavy entity,light procedure ＂ to ＂ light entity,heavy procedure＂,from ＂abiding by laws＂ to ＂scientific legislation＂. Therefore,the future college drop-out system should focus on perfecting drop-out mechanism, innovating the content of drop-out system and the legal exercise of the right to drop out from the school to improve the governance in accordance with the relevant statutes.